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Generating Chain-of-Thought (CoT) before deriving the answer can effectively improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and significantly improve the accuracy of the generated answer. However, in most cases, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yu Kang , Xianghui Sun , Liangyu Chen , Wei Zou

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) is a critical technique in enhancing the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs), and latent reasoning methods have been proposed to accelerate the inefficient token-level reasoning chain. We notice that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Fangwei Zhu , Zhifang Sui

Scaling inference compute enhances reasoning in large language models (LLMs), with long chains-of-thought (CoTs) enabling strategies like backtracking and error correction. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Edward Yeo , Yuxuan Tong , Morry Niu , Graham Neubig , Xiang Yue

Chain-of-thought (CoT) decoding enables language models to improve reasoning performance at the cost of high generation latency in decoding. Recent proposals have explored variants of contemplation tokens, a term we introduce that refers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jeffrey Cheng , Benjamin Van Durme

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly optimized for long reasoning, under the assumption that more reasoning leads to better performance. However, emerging evidence suggests that longer responses can sometimes degrade accuracy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jinyan Su , Jennifer Healey , Preslav Nakov , Claire Cardie

Recently, large reasoning models have achieved impressive performance on various tasks by employing human-like deep thinking. However, the lengthy thinking process substantially increases inference overhead, making efficiency a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jiajie Zhang , Nianyi Lin , Lei Hou , Ling Feng , Juanzi Li

Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, DeepSeek-R1, and ReasonFlux have shown significant improvements in various reasoning tasks. However, smaller LLMs still struggle with complex mathematical reasoning because they fail to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Ling Yang , Zhaochen Yu , Tianjun Zhang , Minkai Xu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Bin Cui , Shuicheng Yan

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning successfully enhances the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet it incurs substantial computational overhead for inference. Existing CoT compression methods often suffer from a critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuntian Tang , Bohan Jia , Wenxuan Huang , Lianyue Zhang , Jiao Xie , Wenxi Li , Wei Li , Jie Hu , Xinghao Chen Rongrong Ji , Shaohui Lin

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, its efficiency remains a challenge due to the generation of excessive intermediate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jianshu She , Zhuohao Li , Zhemin Huang , Qi Li , Peiran Xu , Haonan Li , Qirong Ho

How much should a language agent think before taking action? Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning is widely assumed to improve agent performance, but the relationship between reasoning length and accuracy in structured tool-use settings remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xuan Qi

Large language models (LLMs) empowered by chain-of-thought reasoning have achieved impressive accuracy on complex tasks but suffer from excessive inference costs and latency when applied uniformly to all problems. We propose SABER…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Kai Zhao , Yanjun Zhao , Jiaming Song , Shien He , Lusheng Zhang , Qiang Zhang , Tianjiao Li

Chain-of-thought (CoT) traces are increasingly used both to improve language model capability and to audit model behavior, implicitly assuming that the visible trace remains synchronized with the computation that determines the answer. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Wenkai Li , Fan Yang , Ananya Hazarika , Shaunak A. Mehta , Koichi Onoue

Generative LLMs typically improve Named Entity Recognition (NER) performance through instruction tuning. They excel at generating entities by semantic pattern matching but lack an explicit, verifiable reasoning mechanism. This "cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hui Huang , Yanping Chen , Ruizhang Huang , Chuan Lin , Yongbin Qin

DeepSeek-R1, known for its low training cost and exceptional reasoning capabilities, has achieved state-of-the-art performance on various benchmarks. However, detailed evaluations for DeepSeek Series models from the perspective of…

Recent breakthroughs in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated that extensive Chain-of-Thought (CoT) generation is critical for enabling intricate cognitive behaviors, such as self-verification and backtracking, to solve complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Minda Hu , Zexuan Qiu , Zenan Xu , Kun Li , Bo Zhou , Irwin King

Reasoning models have demonstrated exceptional performance in tasks such as mathematics and logical reasoning, primarily due to their ability to engage in step-by-step thinking during the reasoning process. However, this often leads to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yuqiao Tan , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Chain-of-thought reasoning, while powerful, can produce unnecessarily verbose output for simpler problems. We present a framework for difficulty-aware reasoning that teaches models to dynamically adjust reasoning depth based on problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Abdul Waheed , Chancharik Mitra , Laurie Z. Wang , Deva Ramanan , Bhiksha Raj

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has significantly enhanced the mathematical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models. We find existing fine-tuning datasets frequently suffer from the "answer right but reasoning wrong" probelm, where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zihang Li , Yuhang Wang , Yikun Zong , Wenhan Yu , Xiaokun Yuan , Runhan Jiang , Zirui Liu , Tong Yang , Arthur Jiang

Recently, o1-like models have drawn significant attention, where these models produce the long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning steps to improve the reasoning abilities of existing Large Language Models (LLMs). In this paper, to understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yancheng He , Shilong Li , Jiaheng Liu , Weixun Wang , Xingyuan Bu , Ge Zhang , Zhongyuan Peng , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Zhicheng Zheng , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng