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Evaluating the bias in Large Language Models (LLMs) becomes increasingly crucial with their rapid development. However, existing evaluation methods rely on fixed-form outputs and cannot adapt to the flexible open-text generation scenarios…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Zhiting Fan , Ruizhe Chen , Ruiling Xu , Zuozhu Liu

As machine learning (ML) systems increasingly impact critical sectors such as hiring, financial risk assessments, and criminal justice, the imperative to ensure fairness has intensified due to potential negative implications. While much ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Nurit Cohen-Inger , Seffi Cohen , Neomi Rabaev , Lior Rokach , Bracha Shapira

Mitigating social bias in large language models (LLMs) has become an increasingly important research objective. However, existing debiasing methods often incur high human and computational costs, exhibit limited effectiveness, and struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xiaoqing Cheng , Ruizhe Chen , Hongying Zan , Yuxiang Jia , Min Peng

The pervasive spread of misinformation and disinformation in social media underscores the critical importance of detecting media bias. While robust Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as foundational tools for bias prediction,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Luyang Lin , Lingzhi Wang , Jinsong Guo , Kam-Fai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes contexts where their outputs influence real-world decisions. However, evaluating bias in LLM outputs remains methodologically challenging due to sensitivity to prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 William Guey , Wei Zhang , Pei-Luen Patrick Rau , Pierrick Bougault , Vitor D. de Moura , Bertan Ucar , Jose O. Gomes

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs), have transformed natural language processing by improving generative capabilities. However, detecting biases embedded within these models remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Suvendu Mohanty

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), their performance on multiple-choice question (MCQ) tasks has improved significantly. However, existing approaches face key limitations: answer choices are typically presented to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Duc Anh Vu , Thong Nguyen , Cong-Duy Nguyen , Viet Anh Nguyen , Anh Tuan Luu

LLM-as-a-Judge has emerged as a promising tool for automatically evaluating generated outputs, but its reliability is often undermined by potential biases in judgment. Existing efforts to mitigate these biases face key limitations:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Haoyan Yang , Runxue Bao , Cao Xiao , Jun Ma , Parminder Bhatia , Shangqian Gao , Taha Kass-Hout

Large Language Models (LLMs) push the bound-aries in natural language processing and generative AI, driving progress across various aspects of modern society. Unfortunately, the pervasive issue of bias in LLMs responses (i.e., predictions)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Isabela Pereira Gregio , Ian Pons , Anna Helena Reali Costa , Artur Jordão

Agents backed by large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on external tools drawn from marketplaces where multiple providers offer functionally equivalent options. This raises a critical fairness concern: systematic bias in tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Thierry Blankenstein , Jialin Yu , Zixuan Li , Vassilis Plachouras , Sunando Sengupta , Philip Torr , Yarin Gal , Alasdair Paren , Adel Bibi

Rapid advancements of large language models (LLMs) have enabled the processing, understanding, and generation of human-like text, with increasing integration into systems that touch our social sphere. Despite this success, these models can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Isabel O. Gallegos , Ryan A. Rossi , Joe Barrow , Md Mehrab Tanjim , Sungchul Kim , Franck Dernoncourt , Tong Yu , Ruiyi Zhang , Nesreen K. Ahmed

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved unprecedented success due to their exceptional generative capabilities. However, because they depend on knowledge encapsulated from training corpora, they may produce hallucinations, stereotypes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Rui Chu , Bingyin Zhao , Thanh Quoc Hung Le , Duy Cao Hoang , Huawei Lin , Ping Li , Weijie Zhao , Khoa D Doan , Yingjie Lao

Generating fair and accurate predictions plays a pivotal role in deploying large language models (LLMs) in the real world. However, existing debiasing methods inevitably generate unfair or incorrect predictions as they are designed and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Ruizhe Chen , Yichen Li , Jianfei Yang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Jian Wu , Zuozhu Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising solutions for a variety of medical and clinical decision support applications. However, LLMs are often subject to different types of biases, which can lead to unfair treatment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Raphael Poulain , Hamed Fayyaz , Rahmatollah Beheshti

LLM-as-a-Judge has been widely adopted across various research and practical applications, yet the robustness and reliability of its evaluation remain a critical issue. A core challenge it faces is bias, which has primarily been studied in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Peng Lai , Zhihao Ou , Yong Wang , Longyue Wang , Jian Yang , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

New Large Language Models (LLMs) become available every few weeks, and modern application developers confronted with the unenviable task of having to decide if they should switch to a new model. While human evaluation remains the gold…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Suryaansh Jain , Umair Z. Ahmed , Shubham Sahai , Ben Leong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant document from external knowledge sources. By referencing this external knowledge, RAG effectively reduces the generation of factually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zheng Zhang , Ning Li , Qi Liu , Rui Li , Weibo Gao , Qingyang Mao , Zhenya Huang , Baosheng Yu , Dacheng Tao

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in open-ended scenarios is challenging because existing benchmarks and metrics can not measure them comprehensively. To address this problem, we propose to fine-tune LLMs as scalable judges (JudgeLM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Lianghui Zhu , Xinggang Wang , Xinlong Wang

Large Language Model-enhanced Recommender Systems (LLM-enhanced RSs) have emerged as a powerful approach to improving recommendation quality by leveraging LLMs to generate item representations. Despite these advancements, the integration of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiaming Zhang , Yuyuan Li , Yiqun Xu , Li Zhang , Xiaohua Feng , Zhifei Ren , Chaochao Chen

Cognitive biases, systematic deviations from rationality in judgment, pose significant challenges in generating objective content. This paper introduces a novel approach for real-time cognitive bias detection in user-generated text using…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Frederic Lemieux , Aisha Behr , Clara Kellermann-Bryant , Zaki Mohammed
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