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Artificial intelligence is often measured by the range of tasks it can perform. Yet wide ability without depth remains only an imitation. This paper proposes a Structural-Generative Ontology of Intelligence: true intelligence exists only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Maijunxian Wang , Ran Ji

Many AI applications involve the interaction of multiple autonomous agents, requiring those agents to reason about their own beliefs, as well as those of other agents. However, planning involving nested beliefs is known to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Christian Muise , Vaishak Belle , Paolo Felli , Sheila McIlraith , Tim Miller , Adrian R. Pearce , Liz Sonenberg

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), especially in generative language modelling, hold the promise of transforming government. Given the advanced capabilities of new AI systems, it is critical that these are embedded using…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Vincent J. Straub , Deborah Morgan , Jonathan Bright , Helen Margetts

The semantics and dynamics of `attention' are closely related to promise theoretic notions developed for autonomous agents and can thus easily be written down in promise framework. In this way one may establish a bridge between vectorized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Mark Burgess

Theory of Mind (ToM)$\unicode{x2014}$the ability to reason about the mental states of other people$\unicode{x2014}$is a key element of our social intelligence. Yet, despite their ever more impressive performance, large-scale neural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Melanie Sclar , Sachin Kumar , Peter West , Alane Suhr , Yejin Choi , Yulia Tsvetkov

The Internet has evolved through successive architectural abstractions that enabled unprecedented scale, interoperability, and innovation. Packet-based networking enabled the reliable transport of bits; cloud-native systems enabled the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mallik Tatipamula , Xuesong Liu , Yao Sun , Muhammad Ali Imran

We argue that an explainable artificial intelligence must possess a rationale for its decisions, be able to infer the purpose of observed behaviour, and be able to explain its decisions in the context of what its audience understands and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Michael Timothy Bennett , Yoshihiro Maruyama

The current paper offers a perspective on what we term conceptive intelligence - the capacity of an agent to continuously think of new object definitions (tasks, problems, physical systems, etc.) and to look for methods to realize them. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-04-03 Akin Osman Kazakci

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence has led to expectations of transformative impact on science, yet current systems remain fundamentally limited in enabling genuine scientific discovery. This perspective contends that progress…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Karthik Duraisamy

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to track others epistemic state, makes humans efficient collaborators. AI agents need the same capacity in multi agent settings, yet existing benchmarks mostly test literal ToM by asking direct belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gurusha Juneja , Dylan Lu , Saaket Agashe , Parth Diwane , Edward Gunn , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , William Yang Wang , Yali Du , Xin Eric Wang

Memory plays a foundational role in augmenting the reasoning, adaptability, and contextual fidelity of modern Large Language Models and Multi-Modal LLMs. As these models transition from static predictors to interactive systems capable of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Zixia Jia , Jiaqi Li , Yipeng Kang , Yuxuan Wang , Tong Wu , Quansen Wang , Xiaobo Wang , Shuyi Zhang , Junzhe Shen , Qing Li , Siyuan Qi , Yitao Liang , Di He , Zilong Zheng , Song-Chun Zhu

As multimodal agents evolve from passive observers to long-horizon decision-makers, they require memory systems that provide not just information availability but logical verifiability. A fundamental limitation of current architectures is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhisheng Chen , Tingyu Wu , Zijie Zhou , Zhengwei Xie , Ziyan Weng , Yingwei Zhang

Evidence-based reasoning is at the core of many problem-solving and decision-making tasks in a wide variety of domains. Generalizing from the research and development of cognitive agents in several such domains, this paper presents progress…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Gheorghe Tecuci , Dorin Marcu , Mihai Boicu , Steven Meckl , Chirag Uttamsingh

This paper develops a new approach to computational argumentation that is informed by philosophical and linguistic views. Namely, it takes into account two ideas that have received little attention in the literature on computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Michael A. Müller , Srdjan Vesic , Bruno Yun

We provide a compositional coalgebraic semantics for strategic games. In our framework, like in the semantics of functional programming languages, coalgebras represent the observable behaviour of systems derived from the behaviour of the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Achim Blumensath , Viktor Winschel

Self-consciousness, the introspection of one's existence and thoughts, represents a high-level cognitive process. As language models advance at an unprecedented pace, a critical question arises: Are these models becoming self-conscious?…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Sirui Chen , Shu Yu , Shengjie Zhao , Chaochao Lu

Spatial cognition enables adaptive goal-directed behavior by constructing internal models of space. Robust biological systems consolidate spatial knowledge into three interconnected forms: \textit{landmarks} for salient cues, \textit{route…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Shouwei Ruan , Liyuan Wang , Caixin Kang , Qihui Zhu , Songming Liu , Xingxing Wei , Hang Su

Clinical dialogue represents a complex duality requiring both the empathetic fluency of natural conversation and the rigorous precision of evidence-based medicine. While Large Language Models possess unprecedented linguistic capabilities,…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-02 Xiaoquan Zhi , Hongke Zhao , Likang Wu , Chuang Zhao , Hengshu Zhu

We propose a hybrid architecture that integrates decision tree-based symbolic reasoning with the generative capabilities of large language models (LLMs) within a coordinated multi-agent framework. Unlike prior approaches that loosely couple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Andrew Kiruluta

How perception and reasoning arise from neuronal network activity is poorly understood. This is reflected in the fundamental limitations of connectionist artificial intelligence, typified by deep neural networks trained via gradient-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Paul J. Blazek , Milo M. Lin