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The fundamental role of magnetic materials in modern science and technology has driven a rapid surge in research on unconventional magnetism in recent years. In particular, altermagnets, which simultaneously exhibit zero net magnetization…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Yu-Xin Li , Yiyuan Chen , Liqing Pan , Shuai Li , Song-Bo Zhang , Hai-Zhou Lu

A novel magnetic class blending ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism, termed altermagnetism, has gained significant attention for its staggered order in coordinate and momentum spaces, time-reversal symmetry-breaking phenomena, and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-11-04 Jiabin Song , Chao Mu , Shilin Zhu , Xuebo Zhou , Wei Wu , Yun-ze Long , Jianlin Luo , Zheng Li

Altermagnets are a novel class of magnetic materials besides ferro- and antiferromagnets, where the interplay of lattice and spin symmetries produces a magnetic order that is staggered both in coordinate as well as momentum space. The…

Altermagnetism is a topic that has lately been gaining attention and the RuO$_2$ compound is among one of the most studied altermagnetic candidates. However, the survey of available literature on RuO$_2$ properties suggests that there is no…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-05-03 Andriy Smolyanyuk , Igor I. Mazin , Laura Garcia-Gassull , Roser Valentí

RuO2, widely proposed as a prototypical altermagnet, remains intensely debated with regard to its magnetic nature. Here, we demonstrate that RuO2 is non-magnetic in the bulk, but possesses a spontaneous surface ferrimagnetic order. Using…

The emerging altermagnetic RuO2 with both compensated magnetic moments and broken time-reversal symmetry possesses nontrivial magneto-electronic responses and nonrelativistic spin currents, which are closely related to magnetic easy axis.…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-12-24 Yi-Chi Zhang , Hua Bai , Chong Chen , Lei Han , Shi-Xuan Liang , Rui-Yue Chu , Jian-Kun Dai , Feng Pan , Cheng Song

Altermagnetism has attracted considerable attention for its remarkable combination of spin-polarized band structures and zero net magnetization, making it a promising candidate for spintronics applications. We demonstrate that this magnetic…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-06-03 Zhuang Qian , Yudi Yang , Shi Liu , Congjun Wu

The magnetic structure of RuO2 and the Ru atomic configuration are unknown. A magnetic structure is inferred by confronting measured and calculated Bragg diffraction patterns and adjusting the latter to achieve satisfactory agreement. An…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-06-22 S. W. Lovesey , D. D. Khalyavin , G. van der Laan

Altermagnetism is a newly identified phase of magnetism distinct from ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. RuO$_2$ has been considered a prototypical metallic altermagnet with a critical temperature higher than room temperature. Previous…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-09-17 Dai Q. Ho , D. Quang To , Ruiqi Hu , Garnett W. Bryant , Anderson Janotti

The recently discovered altermagnets, featured by the exotic correlation of magnetic exchange interaction and alternating crystal environments, have offered exciting cutting-edge opportunities for spintronics. Nevertheless, the…

RuO$_2$, one of the most widely studied transition metal oxides, was recently predicted to host a novel form of collinear magnetic order referred to as altermagnetism. In this study we combine experiment (reflectance, transmittance,…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-09-03 Darshana Wickramaratne , Marc Currie , Shelby S. Fields , Cory D. Cress , Steven P. Bennett

Altermagnets exhibit characteristics akin to antiferromagnets, with spin-split anisotropic bands in momentum space. RuO$_2$ has been considered as a prototype altermagnet; however, recent reports have questioned altermagnetic ground state…

RuO$_{2}$ has been proposed as the prototypical altermagnetic material. However, several reports have recently questioned its intrinsic magnetic ordering, leading to conflicting findings, especially in thin film heterostructures pointing to…

Altermagnets are an emerging third elementary class of magnets. Unlike ferromagnets, their distinct crystal symmetries inhibit magnetization while, unlike antiferromagnets, they promote strong spin polarization in the band structure. The…

Materials which show a strong time-reversal symmetry-breaking response leading to spin-polarization phenomena, in conjunction with antiparallel magnetic alignments producing zero net magnetization, have recently been identified, classified,…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-11-04 Wenhan Chen , Alyn D. N. James , Stephen B. Dugdale

Altermagnetism is a collinear magnetic order in which opposite spin species are exchanged under a real-space rotation. Hence, the search for physical realizations has focussed on crystalline solids with specific rotational symmetry. Here,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-12 Peru d'Ornellas , Valentin Leeb , Adolfo G. Grushin , Johannes Knolle

Altermagnet (AM) is a new proposed magnetic state with collinear antiferromagnetic ground state but presents some transport properties that were only believed to exist in ferromagnets or non-collinear antiferromagnets. To have a…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-25 Yingliang Huang , Junwen Lai , Jie Zhan , Tianye Yu , Rong Chen , Peitao Liu , Xing-Qiu Chen , Yan Sun

Rutile RuO$_2$ has attracted great interest recently, as its magnetic ground state remains controversial. Experimental studies have reported either nonmagnetic or altermagnetic (AM) ground states in different crystalline samples of RuO$_2$,…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-04-17 Yue-Fei Hou , Jiajun Lu , Xinfeng Chen , Gui-Bin Liu , Ping Zhang

We studied the magnetic ordering of thin films and bulk crystals of rutile RuO$_2$ using resonant X-ray scattering across the Ru L$_2$ absorption edge. Combining polarization analysis and azimuthal-angle dependence of the magnetic Bragg…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-01-28 Z. H. Zhu , J. Strempfer , R. R. Rao , J. Pelliciari , Y. Choi , T. Kawaguchi , H. You , J. F. Mitchell , Y. Shao-Horn , R. Comin

Altermagnets are a recently discovered class of magnetic material with great potential for applications in the field of spintronics, owing to their non-relativistic spin-splitting and simultaneous antiferromagnetic order. One of the most…

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