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Benchmarking Quantum Process Units (QPU) at an application level usually requires considering the whole programming stack of the quantum computer. One critical task is the minor-embedding (resp. transpilation) step, which involves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-02 Valentin Gilbert , Julien Rodriguez , Stéphane Louise

Current quantum computing devices have different strengths and weaknesses depending on their architectures. This means that flexible approaches to circuit design are necessary. We address this task by introducing a novel space-efficient…

Although quantum computing hardware has evolved significantly in recent years, spurred by increasing industrial and government interest, the size limitation of current generation quantum computers remains an obstacle when applying these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-20 Gideon Bass , Max Henderson , Joshua Heath , Joseph Dulny

Quantum annealing is a generic solver for optimization problems that uses fictitious quantum fluctuation. The most groundbreaking progress in the research field of quantum annealing is its hardware implementation, i.e., the so-called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-14 Masayuki Ohzeki

Quantum annealers offer an efficient way to compute high quality solutions of NP-hard problems when expressed in a QUBO (quadratic unconstrained binary optimization) or an Ising form. This is done by mapping a problem onto the physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Elijah Pelofske , Georg Hahn , Hristo N. Djidjev

Graph embedding is a recurrent problem in quantum computing, for instance, quantum annealers need to solve a minor graph embedding in order to map a given Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problem onto their internal…

Quantum annealing is a promising technique which leverages quantum mechanics to solve hard optimization problems. Considerable progress has been made in the development of a physical quantum annealer, motivating the study of methods to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-21 Maritza Hernandez , Maliheh Aramon

Minor embedding heuristics have become an indispensable tool for compiling problems in quadratically unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) into the hardware graphs of quantum and CMOS annealing processors. While recent embedding…

Quantum machines are among the most promising technologies expected to provide significant improvements in the following years. However, bridging the gap between real-world applications and their implementation on quantum hardware is still…

Quantum annealers have been designed to propose near-optimal solutions to NP-hard optimization problems. However, the accuracy of current annealers such as the ones of D-Wave Systems, Inc., is limited by environmental noise and hardware…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-27 Aaron Barbosa , Elijah Pelofske , Georg Hahn , Hristo N. Djidjev

In the quantum optimization paradigm, variational quantum algorithms face challenges with hardware-specific and instance-dependent parameter tuning, which can lead to computational inefficiencies. The promising potential of parameter…

Node embedding is a key technique for representing graph nodes as vectors while preserving structural and relational properties, which enables machine learning tasks like feature extraction, clustering, and classification. While classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Hristo N. Djidjev

A major limitation of current generations of quantum annealers is the sparse connectivity of manufactured qubits in the hardware graph. This technological limitation generated considerable interest, motivating efforts to design efficient…

The Minimum Bisection Problem is a well-known NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization, with practical applications in areas such as parallel computing, network design, and machine learning. In this paper, we examine the potential of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Renáta Rusnáková , Martin Chovanec , Juraj Gazda

We show that the NP-hard quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem on a graph $G$ can be solved using an adiabatic quantum computer that implements an Ising spin-1/2 Hamiltonian, by reduction through minor-embedding of $G$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-16 Vicky Choi

Despite rapid recent progress towards the development of quantum computers capable of providing computational advantages over classical computers, it seems likely that such computers will, initially at least, be required to run in a hybrid…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Michael J. Dinneen , Richard Hua

Quantum annealing has shown significant potential as an approach to near-term quantum computing. Despite promising progress towards obtaining a quantum speedup, quantum annealers are limited by the need to embed problem instances within the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Michael J. Dinneen , Richard Hua

Quantum annealing provides a practical realization of adiabatic quantum computation and has emerged as a promising approach for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. However, current devices remain constrained by sparse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Seon-Geun Jeong , Mai Dinh Cong , Dae-Il Noh , Quoc-Viet Pham , Won-Joo Hwang

A significant challenge in quantum annealing is to map a real-world problem onto a hardware graph of limited connectivity. If the maximum degree of the problem graph exceeds the maximum degree of the hardware graph, one employs minor…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-10 Yan-Long Fang , P. A. Warburton

Current quantum annealing experiments often suffer from restrictions in connectivity in the sense that only certain qubits can be coupled to each other. The most common strategy to overcome connectivity restrictions so far is by combining…