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Backdoor attacks pose an important security threat to textual large language models. Exploring textual backdoor attacks not only helps reveal the potential security risks of models, but also promotes innovation and development of defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yang Hou , Qiuling Yue , Lujia Chai , Guozhao Liao , Wenbao Han , Wei Ou

Federated Learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a Neural Network (NN) model on their private data without revealing the data. Recently, several targeted poisoning attacks against FL have been introduced. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Phillip Rieger , Thien Duc Nguyen , Markus Miettinen , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Backdoor (trojan) attacks embed hidden, controllable behaviors into machine-learning models so that models behave normally on benign inputs but produce attacker-chosen outputs when a trigger is present. This survey reviews the rapidly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Bilal Hussain Abbasi , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Zhang , Shang Gao

Machine Learning using neural networks has received prominent attention recently because of its success in solving a wide variety of computational tasks, in particular in the field of computer vision. However, several works have drawn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-01 C. A. Martínez-Mejía , J. Solano , J. Breier , D. Bucko , X. Hou

Backdoor attacks have become an emerging threat to NLP systems. By providing poisoned training data, the adversary can embed a "backdoor" into the victim model, which allows input instances satisfying certain textual patterns (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Jun Yan , Vansh Gupta , Xiang Ren

Backdoor attack intends to embed hidden backdoor into deep neural networks (DNNs), so that the attacked models perform well on benign samples, whereas their predictions will be maliciously changed if the hidden backdoor is activated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Yiming Li , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shu-Tao Xia

Backdoor attack aims to compromise a model, which returns an adversary-wanted output when a specific trigger pattern appears yet behaves normally for clean inputs. Current backdoor attacks require changing pixels of clean images, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Yusheng Guo , Nan Zhong , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

Backdoor attack intends to inject hidden backdoor into the deep neural networks (DNNs), such that the prediction of the infected model will be maliciously changed if the hidden backdoor is activated by the attacker-defined trigger, while it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Yiming Li , Tongqing Zhai , Baoyuan Wu , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shutao Xia

Backdoor attacks impose a new threat in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), where a backdoor is inserted into the neural network by poisoning the training dataset, misclassifying inputs that contain the adversary trigger. The major challenge for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Yue Wang , Wenqing Li , Esha Sarkar , Muhammad Shafique , Michail Maniatakos , Saif Eddin Jabari

Federated Learning (FL) is increasingly adopted for privacy-preserving collaborative training, but its decentralized nature makes it particularly susceptible to backdoor attacks. Existing attack methods, however, often rely on idealized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Xuezheng Qin , Ruwei Huang , Xiaolong Tang , Feng Li

Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) excel in modeling complex, multi-typed relationships across diverse domains, yet their vulnerability to backdoor attacks remains unexplored. To address this gap, we conduct the first investigation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiawei Chen , Lusi Li , Daniel Takabi , Masha Sosonkina , Rui Ning

Typical deep neural network (DNN) backdoor attacks are based on triggers embedded in inputs. Existing imperceptible triggers are computationally expensive or low in attack success. In this paper, we propose a new backdoor trigger, which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Yulong Wang , Minghui Zhao , Shenghong Li , Xin Yuan , Wei Ni

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to neural networks, enabling adversaries to manipulate model outputs on specific inputs, often with devastating consequences, especially in critical applications. While backdoor attacks have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zhen Guo , Abhinav Kumar , Reza Tourani

Backdoor attacks pose a serious security threat for training neural networks as they surreptitiously introduce hidden functionalities into a model. Such backdoors remain silent during inference on clean inputs, evading detection due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Lukas Struppek , Martin B. Hentschel , Clifton Poth , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

To gather a significant quantity of annotated training data for high-performance image classification models, numerous companies opt to enlist third-party providers to label their unlabeled data. This practice is widely regarded as secure,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dazhong Rong , Guoyao Yu , Shuheng Shen , Xinyi Fu , Peng Qian , Jianhai Chen , Qinming He , Xing Fu , Weiqiang Wang

Backdoor attacks represent a serious threat to neural network models. A backdoored model will misclassify the trigger-embedded inputs into an attacker-chosen target label while performing normally on other benign inputs. There are already…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Jing Xu , Minhui , Xue , Stjepan Picek

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training of Deep Learning (DL) models where the data is retained locally. Like DL, FL has severe security weaknesses that the attackers can exploit, e.g., model inversion and backdoor attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Gorka Abad , Servio Paguada , Oguzhan Ersoy , Stjepan Picek , Víctor Julio Ramírez-Durán , Aitor Urbieta

Backdoor attack against deep neural networks is currently being profoundly investigated due to its severe security consequences. Current state-of-the-art backdoor attacks require the adversary to modify the input, usually by adding a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Ahmed Salem , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Object detectors, which are widely used in real-world applications, are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. This vulnerability arises because many users rely on datasets or pre-trained models provided by third parties due to constraints on data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zhiying Li , Zhi Liu , Guanggang Geng , Shreyank N Gowda , Shuyuan Lin , Jian Weng , Xiaobo Jin

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to the integrity and reliability of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, enabling adversaries to manipulate model behavior by injecting poisoned data with hidden triggers. These attacks can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Osama Wehbi , Sarhad Arisdakessian , Omar Abdel Wahab , Azzam Mourad , Hadi Otrok , Jamal Bentahar
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