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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in software development to generate functions, such as attack detectors, that implement security requirements. A key challenge is ensuring the LLMs have enough knowledge to address specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Samuele Pasini , Jinhan Kim , Tommaso Aiello , Rocio Cabrera Lozoya , Antonino Sabetta , Paolo Tonella

The global rise of online users and online devices has ultimately given rise to the global internet population apart from several cybercrimes and cyberattacks. The combination of emerging new technology and powerful algorithms (of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Naresh Kshetri , Dilip Kumar , James Hutson , Navneet Kaur , Omar Faruq Osama

Large language models (LLMs) have shown state-of-the-art results in translating natural language questions into SQL queries (Text-to-SQL), a long-standing challenge within the database community. However, security concerns remain largely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Meiyu Lin , Haichuan Zhang , Jiale Lao , Renyuan Li , Yuanchun Zhou , Carl Yang , Yang Cao , Mingjie Tang

Traditional vulnerability detection methods rely heavily on predefined rule matching, which often fails to capture vulnerabilities accurately. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), leveraging their ability to understand code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xiang Li , Yueci Su , Jiahao Liu , Zhiwei Lin , Yuebing Hou , Peiming Gao , Yuanchao Zhang

The best practice to prevent Cross Site Scripting (XSS) attacks is to apply encoders to sanitize untrusted data. To balance security and functionality, encoders should be applied to match the web page context, such as HTML body, JavaScript,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-06 Mahmoud Mohammadi , Bei-Tseng Chu , Heather Richter Lipford

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into various pipelines is increasingly widespread, effectively automating many manual tasks and often surpassing human capabilities. Cybersecurity researchers and practitioners have recognised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Constantinos Patsakis , Fran Casino , Nikolaos Lykousas

Large Language Models (LLMs) are susceptible to malicious influence by cyber attackers through intrusions such as adversarial, backdoor, and embedding inversion attacks. In response, the burgeoning field of LLM Security aims to study and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yiyi Chen , Russa Biswas , Heather Lent , Johannes Bjerva

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized how we interact with machines. However, this technological advancement has been paralleled by the emergence of "Mallas," malicious services operating underground that exploit LLMs for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Garrett Crumrine , Izzat Alsmadi , Jesus Guerrero , Yuvaraj Munian

Satellite networks are vital in facilitating communication services for various critical infrastructures. These networks can seamlessly integrate with a diverse array of systems. However, some of these systems are vulnerable due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Mohammed Hassanin , Marwa Keshk , Sara Salim , Majid Alsubaie , Dharmendra Sharma

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools in cybersecurity, offering advanced capabilities in malware detection, generation, and real-time monitoring. Numerous studies have explored their application in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Hamed Jelodar , Samita Bai , Parisa Hamedi , Hesamodin Mohammadian , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali Ghorbani

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Junyu Liu , Xinyuan Song , Qian Niu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as transformative tools for software vulnerability detection, addressing critical challenges in the security domain. Traditional methods, such as static and dynamic analysis, often falter due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Ze Sheng , Zhicheng Chen , Shuning Gu , Heqing Huang , Guofei Gu , Jeff Huang

Integrating security testing into the workflow of software developers not only can save resources for separate security testing but also reduce the cost of fixing security vulnerabilities by detecting them early in the development cycle. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Mahmoud Mohammadi , Bill Chu , Heather Richter Lipford , Emerson Murphy-Hill

While recent code-specific large language models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced their code generation capabilities, the safety of these models remains under-explored, posing potential risks as insecure code generated by these models may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Xiangzhe Xu , Zian Su , Jinyao Guo , Kaiyuan Zhang , Zhenting Wang , Xiangyu Zhang

The exponential increase in dependencies between the cyber and physical world leads to an enormous amount of data which must be efficiently processed and stored. Therefore, computing paradigms are evolving towards machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Faiq Khalid , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Semeen Rehman , Muhammad Shafique

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is a prevalent and well known security problem in web applications. Numerous methods to automatically analyze and detect these vulnerabilities exist. However, all of these methods require that either code or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-23 Robin Kirchner , Jonas Möller , Marius Musch , David Klein , Konrad Rieck , Martin Johns

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in natural language processing but face the risk of jailbreak attacks that maliciously induce them to generate harmful content. Existing jailbreak attacks, including character-level and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Bangxin Li , Hengrui Xing , Cong Tian , Chao Huang , Jin Qian , Huangqing Xiao , Linfeng Feng

With their increasing capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) are now used across many industries. They have become useful tools for software engineers and support a wide range of development tasks. As LLMs are increasingly used in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Marc Damie , Murat Bilgehan Ertan , Domenico Essoussi , Angela Makhanu , Gaëtan Peter , Roos Wensveen

Software obfuscation and encryption present persistent challenges for program comprehension and security analysis, particularly when adversaries conceal Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) such as IP addresses within source code. While Large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jaime Morales , Sergio Pastrana , Juan Tapiador

Large Language Models (LLMs) are seeing significant adoption in every type of organization due to their exceptional generative capabilities. However, LLMs are found to be vulnerable to various adversarial attacks, particularly prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Md. Ahsan Ayub , Subhabrata Majumdar