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In addition to finding meaningful clusters, centroid-based clustering algorithms such as K-means or mean-shift should ideally find centroids that are valid patterns in the input space, representative of data in their cluster. This is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Weiran Wang , Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán

Clustering is one of the most fundamental tools in the artificial intelligence area, particularly in the pattern recognition and learning theory. In this paper, we propose a simple, but novel approach for variance-based k-clustering tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Yicheng Xu , Vincent Chau , Chenchen Wu , Yong Zhang , Vassilis Zissimopoulos , Yifei Zou

In this paper, we analyze the classical $K$-means alternating-minimization algorithm, also known as Lloyd's algorithm (Lloyd, 1956), for a mixture of Gaussians in a data-distributed setting that incorporates local iteration steps. Assuming…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-27 Harsh Vardhan , Heng Zhu , Avishek Ghosh , Arya Mazumdar

We analyze online \cite{BottouBengio} and mini-batch \cite{Sculley} $k$-means variants. Both scale up the widely used $k$-means algorithm via stochastic approximation, and have become popular for large-scale clustering and unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Cheng Tang , Claire Monteleoni

Clustering data is a popular feature in the field of unsupervised machine learning. Most algorithms aim to find the best method to extract consistent clusters of data, but very few of them intend to cluster data that share the same…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Jean-Sébastien Dessureault , Daniel Massicotte

Clustering algorithms have long been the topic of research, representing the more popular side of unsupervised learning. Since clustering analysis is one of the best ways to find some clarity and structure within raw data, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Naitik Gada

Among all the partition based clustering algorithms K-means is the most popular and well known method. It generally shows impressive results even in considerably large data sets. The computational complexity of K-means does not suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-12-22 Samarjeet Borah , Mrinal Kanti Ghose

Due to its simplicity and versatility, k-means remains popular since it was proposed three decades ago. The performance of k-means has been enhanced from different perspectives over the years. Unfortunately, a good trade-off between quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Wan-Lei Zhao , Cheng-Hao Deng , Chong-Wah Ngo

Clustering is a widely used technique with a long and rich history in a variety of areas. However, most existing algorithms do not scale well to large datasets, or are missing theoretical guarantees of convergence. This paper introduces a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-16 Yijia Zhou , Kyle A. Gallivan , Adrian Barbu

This paper presents a comparative analysis of different optimization techniques for the K-means algorithm in the context of big data. K-means is a widely used clustering algorithm, but it can suffer from scalability issues when dealing with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ravil Mussabayev , Rustam Mussabayev

Identifying a set of homogeneous clusters in a heterogeneous dataset is one of the most important classes of problems in statistical modeling. In the realm of unsupervised partitional clustering, k-means is a very important algorithm for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-23 J. Andrew Howe

Clustering plays a crucial role in computer science, facilitating data analysis and problem-solving across numerous fields. By partitioning large datasets into meaningful groups, clustering reveals hidden structures and relationships within…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Aryan Esmailpour , Stavros Sintos

Clustering algorithms are a cornerstone of machine learning applications. Recently, a quantum algorithm for clustering based on the k-means algorithm has been proposed by Kerenidis, Landman, Luongo and Prakash. Based on their work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-23 Hideyuki Miyahara , Kazuyuki Aihara , Wolfgang Lechner

$k$-Clustering in $\mathbb{R}^d$ (e.g., $k$-median and $k$-means) is a fundamental machine learning problem. While near-linear time approximation algorithms were known in the classical setting for a dataset with cardinality $n$, it remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-06 Yecheng Xue , Xiaoyu Chen , Tongyang Li , Shaofeng H. -C. Jiang

Bayesian models offer great flexibility for clustering applications---Bayesian nonparametrics can be used for modeling infinite mixtures, and hierarchical Bayesian models can be utilized for sharing clusters across multiple data sets. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-15 Brian Kulis , Michael I. Jordan

K-Means algorithm is a popular clustering method. However, it has two limitations: 1) it gets stuck easily in spurious local minima, and 2) the number of clusters k has to be given a priori. To solve these two issues, a multi-prototypes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Dong Li , Shuisheng Zhou , Tieyong Zeng , Raymond H. Chan

k-means is a widely used clustering algorithm, but for $k$ clusters and a dataset size of $N$, each iteration of Lloyd's algorithm costs $O(kN)$ time. Although there are existing techniques to accelerate single Lloyd iterations, none of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-01-18 Ryan R. Curtin

This paper investigates the capability of correctly recovering well-separated clusters by various brands of the $k$-means algorithm. The concept of well-separatedness used here is derived directly from the common definition of clusters,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Mieczysław A. Kłopotek

The learning of mixture models can be viewed as a clustering problem. Indeed, given data samples independently generated from a mixture of distributions, we often would like to find the {\it correct target clustering} of the samples…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-26 Zhaoqiang Liu , Vincent Y. F. Tan

Clustering is a basic task in data analysis and machine learning, and the optimization of clustering objectives are well-studied optimization problems; amongst these, the $k$-Means objective is arguably the most well known. Given a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Moses Charikar , Vincent Cohen-Addad , Ruiquan Gao , Fabrizio Grandoni , Euiwoong Lee , Ernest van Wijland
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