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Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities to generate accurate code snippets given natural language intents in a zero-shot manner, i.e., without the need for specific fine-tuning. While prior studies have highlighted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Martin Weyssow , Xin Zhou , Kisub Kim , David Lo , Houari Sahraoui

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become a common method for fine-tuning large language models, where a base model can serve multiple users through PEFT module switching. To enhance user experience, base models require periodic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Naibin Gu , Peng Fu , Xiyu Liu , Ke Ma , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is an efficient alternative to full scale fine-tuning, gaining popularity recently. With pre-trained model sizes growing exponentially, PEFT can be effectively utilized to fine-tune compact modules,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Mann Patel , Divyajyoti Panda , Hilay Mehta , Parth Patel , Dhruv Parikh

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods address the increasing size of Large Language Models (LLMs). Currently, many newly introduced PEFT methods are challenging to replicate, deploy, or compare with one another. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Robert Belanec , Ivan Srba , Maria Bielikova

Publicly available large pretrained models (i.e., backbones) and lightweight adapters for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) have become standard components in modern machine learning pipelines. However, preserving the privacy of both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Saisai Xia , Wenhao Wang , Zihao Wang , Yuhui Zhang , Yier Jin , Dan Meng , Rui Hou

Recently, various parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) strategies for application to language models have been proposed and successfully implemented. However, this raises the question of whether PEFT, which only updates a limited set of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Shuai Zhao , Leilei Gan , Luu Anh Tuan , Jie Fu , Lingjuan Lyu , Meihuizi Jia , Jinming Wen

Federated learning has emerged as a prominent privacy-preserving technique for leveraging large-scale distributed datasets by sharing gradients instead of raw data. However, recent studies indicate that private training data can still be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tamer Ahmed Eltaras , Qutaibah Malluhi , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo , Adnan Qayyum

The rise of deep learning has marked significant progress in fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, and medical imaging, primarily through the adaptation of pre-trained models for specific tasks. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Charith Chandra Sai Balne , Sreyoshi Bhaduri , Tamoghna Roy , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is an effective methodology to unleash the potential of large foundation models in novel scenarios with limited training data. In the computer vision community, PEFT has shown effectiveness in image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Zelin Peng , Zhengqin Xu , Zhilin Zeng , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian , Wei Shen

Federated learning frameworks have been regarded as a promising approach to break the dilemma between demands on privacy and the promise of learning from large collections of distributed data. Many such frameworks only ask collaborators to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Junyi Zhu , Matthew Blaschko

Personalized large language models (LLMs) aim to tailor interactions, content, and recommendations to individual user preferences. While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods excel in performance and generalization, they are costly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zhaoxuan Tan , Zheyuan Liu , Meng Jiang

This study addresses the issues of privacy protection and efficiency in instruction fine-tuning of large-scale language models by proposing a parameter-efficient method that integrates differential privacy noise allocation with gradient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yulin Huang , Yaxuan Luan , Jinxu Guo , Xiangchen Song , Yuchen Liu

The idea of federated learning is to collaboratively train a neural network on a server. Each user receives the current weights of the network and in turns sends parameter updates (gradients) based on local data. This protocol has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Jonas Geiping , Hartmut Bauermeister , Hannah Dröge , Michael Moeller

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have gained significant popularity for adapting pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, primarily due to their potential to significantly reduce memory and computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Kai Yao , Penglei Gao , Lichun Li , Yuan Zhao , Xiaofeng Wang , Wei Wang , Jianke Zhu

Federated Instruction Tuning (FIT) has shown the ability to achieve collaborative model instruction tuning among massive data owners without sharing private data. However, it still faces two key challenges, i.e., data and resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Pengyu Zhang , Yingbo Zhou , Ming Hu , Junxian Feng , Jiawen Weng , Mingsong Chen

Despite being widely applied due to their exceptional capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been proven to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. These attacks introduce targeted vulnerabilities into LLMs by poisoning training samples…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shuai Zhao , Leilei Gan , Zhongliang Guo , Xiaobao Wu , Yanhao Jia , Luwei Xiao , Cong-Duy Nguyen , Luu Anh Tuan

Federated learning has been proposed as a privacy-preserving machine learning framework that enables multiple clients to collaborate without sharing raw data. However, client privacy protection is not guaranteed by design in this framework.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Kai Yue , Richeng Jin , Chau-Wai Wong , Dror Baron , Huaiyu Dai

The current literature on memorization in Natural Language Models, especially Large Language Models (LLMs), poses severe security and privacy risks, as models tend to memorize personally identifying information (PIIs) from training data. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Kunj Joshi , David A. Smith

As foundation models continue to exponentially scale in size, efficient methods of adaptation become increasingly critical. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), a recent class of techniques that require only modifying a small percentage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-01 George Pu , Anirudh Jain , Jihan Yin , Russell Kaplan

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks has become increasingly crucial due to their widespread use and the growing availability of open-source models. However, the high memory costs associated with fine-tuning remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 David H. Yang , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri , Tejaswini Pedapati , Subhajit Chaudhury , Pin-Yu Chen