Related papers: Turing machines deciders, part I

By introducing the busy beaver competition of Turing machines, in 1962, Rado defined noncomputable functions on positive integers. The study of these functions and variants leads to many mathematical challenges. This article takes up the…

We establish a lower bound for deciding the satisfiability of the conjunction of any two Boolean formulas from a set called a full representation of Boolean functions of $n$ variables - a set containing a Boolean formula to represent each…

Flip a coin repeatedly, and stop whenever you want. Your payoff is the proportion of heads, and you wish to maximize this payoff in expectation. This so-called Chow-Robbins game is amenable to computer analysis, but while simple-minded…

Consider a universal Turing machine that produces a partial or total function (or a binary stream), based on the answers to the binary queries that it makes during the computation. We study the probability that the machine will produce a…

We show in this article that uncomputability is also a relative property of subrecursive classes built on a recursive relative incompressible function, which acts as a higher-order "yardstick" of irreducible information for the respective…

Via computer search, we found seven non-isomorphic $1$-rotational Steiner systems $S(2,6,226)$ and six point-transitive Steiner systems $S(2,6,441)$, resolving two of $29$ previously undecided cases for $S(2,6,v)$.

Transformer language models contain localized reasoning circuits, contiguous layer blocks that improve reasoning when duplicated at inference time. Finding these circuits currently requires brute-force sweeps costing 25 GPU hours per model.…

Since Cocke and Minsky proved 2-tag systems universal, they have been extensively used to prove the universality of numerous computational models. Unfortunately, all known algorithms give universal 2-tag systems that have a large number of…

The aim of this paper is to undertake an experimental investigation of the trade-offs between program-size and time computational complexity. The investigation includes an exhaustive exploration and systematic study of the functions…

Hypercomputation or super-Turing computation is a ``computation'' that transcends the limit imposed by Turing's model of computability. The field still faces some basic questions, technical (can we mathematically and/or physically build a…

Fundamental questions in chemistry and physics may never be answered due to the exponential complexity of the underlying quantum phenomena. A desire to overcome this challenge has sparked a new industry of quantum technologies with the…

Instruction sequence is a key concept in practice, but it has as yet not come prominently into the picture in theoretical circles. This paper concerns instruction sequences, the behaviours produced by them under execution, the interaction…

The halting probability of a Turing machine is the probability that the machine will halt if it starts with a random stream written on its one-way input tape. When the machine is universal, this probability is referred to as Chaitin's omega…

We introduce a data-driven approach to computing finite bisimulations for state transition systems with very large, possibly infinite state space. Our novel technique computes stutter-insensitive bisimulations of deterministic systems,…

A catalytic Turing machine is a variant of a Turing machine in which there exists an auxiliary tape in addition to the input tape and the work tape. This auxiliary tape is initially filled with arbitrary content. The machine can read and…

We consider how changes in transfinite machine architecture can sometimes alter substantially their capabilities. We approach the subject by answering three open problems touching on: firstly differing halting time considerations for…

This article aims at providing signal machines as small as possible able to perform any computation (in the classical understanding). After presenting signal machines, it is shown how to get universal ones from Turing machines,…

There are numbers k and s and a URM program A(n,m) satisfying the following conditions. 1. If A(n,m) halts, then Cn(m) diverges. 2. For all n, C_k(n) = A(n,n) and C_s(n) = C_k(s). 3. A(k,s) halts and for all n, A(s,n) diverges. Here C_n(_)…

In the BCSS model of real number computations we prove a concrete and explicit semi-decidable language to be undecidable yet not reducible from (and thus strictly easier than) the real Halting Language. This solution to Post's Problem over…

We show how quantum-inspired 2d tensor networks can be used to efficiently and accurately simulate the largest quantum processors from IBM, namely Eagle (127 qubits), Osprey (433 qubits) and Condor (1121 qubits). We simulate the dynamics of…