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Large multilingual models trained with self-supervision achieve state-of-the-art results in a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Self-supervised pretrained models are often fine-tuned on parallel data from one or multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Alexandra Chronopoulou , Dario Stojanovski , Alexander Fraser

NLP systems typically require support for more than one language. As different languages have different amounts of supervision, cross-lingual transfer benefits languages with little to no training data by transferring from other languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Shijie Wu

Pre-trained multilingual language models have become an important building block in multilingual natural language processing. In the present paper, we investigate a range of such models to find out how well they transfer discourse-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Murathan Kurfalı , Robert Östling

With multilingual machine translation (MMT) models continuing to grow in size and number of supported languages, it is natural to reuse and upgrade existing models to save computation as data becomes available in more languages. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Simeng Sun , Maha Elbayad , Anna Sun , James Cross

Multilingual speech recognition with neural networks is often implemented with batch-learning, when all of the languages are available before training. An ability to add new languages after the prior training sessions can be economically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Ngoc-Quan Pham , Jan Niehues , Alexander Waibel

In this work, we study whether multilingual language models (MultiLMs) can transfer logical reasoning abilities to other languages when they are fine-tuned for reasoning in a different language. We evaluate the cross-lingual reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Negar Foroutan , Mohammadreza Banaei , Karl Aberer , Antoine Bosselut

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models can be specialized by domain adaptation, often involving fine-tuning on a dataset of interest. This process risks catastrophic forgetting: rapid loss of generic translation quality. Forgetting has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Danielle Saunders , Steve DeNeefe

Multilingual language models achieve impressive zero-shot accuracies in many languages in complex tasks such as Natural Language Inference (NLI). Examples in NLI (and equivalent complex tasks) often pertain to various types of sub-tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Karthikeyan K , Aalok Sathe , Somak Aditya , Monojit Choudhury

Even for common NLP tasks, sufficient supervision is not available in many languages -- morphological tagging is no exception. In the work presented here, we explore a transfer learning scheme, whereby we train character-level recurrent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Ryan Cotterell , Georg Heigold

Knowledge transfer, especially across related languages, has been found beneficial for multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT), but some aspects are still under-explored and deserve further investigation. A joint vocabulary is most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Oona Itkonen , Jörg Tiedemann

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention in the field of natural language processing (NLP) due to their wide range of applications. However, training LLMs for languages other than English poses significant challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Yudong Li , Yuhao Feng , Wen Zhou , Zhe Zhao , Linlin Shen , Cheng Hou , Xianxu Hou

We present the first comprehensive study of Memorization in Multilingual Large Language Models (MLLMs), analyzing 95 languages using models across diverse model scales, architectures, and memorization definitions. As MLLMs are increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xiaoyu Luo , Yiyi Chen , Johannes Bjerva , Qiongxiu Li

Existing research has shown that a multilingual pre-trained language model fine-tuned with one (source) language also performs well on downstream tasks for non-source languages, even though no fine-tuning is done on these languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Yiduo Guo , Yaobo Liang , Dongyan Zhao , Bing Liu , Duan Nan

Providing better language tools for low-resource and endangered languages is imperative for equitable growth. Recent progress with massively multilingual pretrained models has proven surprisingly effective at performing zero-shot transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Louis Clouâtre , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Amal Zouaq , Sarath Chandar

The successful adaptation of multilingual language models (LMs) to a specific language-task pair critically depends on the availability of data tailored for that condition. While cross-lingual transfer (XLT) methods have contributed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Seong Hoon Lim , Taejun Yun , Jinhyeon Kim , Jihun Choi , Taeuk Kim

Despite advances in the multilingual capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), their performance varies substantially across different languages and tasks. In multilingual retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)-based systems, knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Aman Gupta , Yingying Zhuang , Zhou Yu , Ziji Zhang , Anurag Beniwal

There is growing evidence that pretrained language models improve task-specific fine-tuning not just for the languages seen in pretraining, but also for new languages and even non-linguistic data. What is the nature of this surprising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Zhengxuan Wu , Nelson F. Liu , Christopher Potts

These days different platforms such as social media provide their clients from different backgrounds and languages the possibility to connect and exchange information. It is not surprising anymore to see comments from different languages in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Amir Reza Jafari , Behnam Heidary , Reza Farahbakhsh , Mostafa Salehi , Mahdi Jalili

Crosslingual transfer is crucial to contemporary language models' multilingual capabilities, but how it occurs is not well understood. We ask what happens to a monolingual language model when it begins to be trained on a second language.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Catherine Arnett , Tyler A. Chang , James A. Michaelov , Benjamin K. Bergen

Despite their popularity in non-English NLP, multilingual language models often underperform monolingual ones due to inter-language competition for model parameters. We propose Cross-lingual Expert Language Models (X-ELM), which mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Terra Blevins , Tomasz Limisiewicz , Suchin Gururangan , Margaret Li , Hila Gonen , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer