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The integration of large language models (LLMs) into automated algorithm design has shown promising potential. A prevalent approach embeds LLMs within search routines to iteratively generate and refine candidate algorithms. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Fei Liu , Rui Zhang , Xi Lin , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

Large Language Model-based Hyper Heuristic (LHH) has recently emerged as an efficient way for automatic heuristic design. However, most existing LHHs just perform well in optimizing a single function within a pre-defined solver. Their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Chuyang Xiang , Yichen Wei , Jiale Ma , Handing Wang , Junchi Yan

Heuristics are widely used for dealing with complex search and optimization problems. However, manual design of heuristics can be often very labour extensive and requires rich working experience and knowledge. This paper proposes Evolution…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Fei Liu , Xialiang Tong , Mingxuan Yuan , Xi Lin , Fu Luo , Zhenkun Wang , Zhichao Lu , Qingfu Zhang

While small language models (SLMs) have shown promise on various reasoning tasks, their ability to judge the correctness of answers remains unclear compared to large language models (LLMs). Prior work on LLM-as-a-judge frameworks typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zhenyu Bi , Gaurav Srivastava , Yang Li , Meng Lu , Swastik Roy , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

The rapid progress and widespread deployment of LLMs and LLM-powered agents has outpaced our ability to evaluate them. Hand-crafted, static benchmarks are the primary tool for assessing model capabilities, but these quickly become…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Amanda Dsouza , Harit Vishwakarma , Zhengyang Qi , Justin Bauer , Derek Pham , Thomas Walshe , Armin Parchami , Frederic Sala , Paroma Varma

Large language models (LLMs) have recently advanced automatic heuristic design (AHD) for combinatorial optimization (CO), where candidate heuristics are iteratively proposed, evaluated, and refined. Most existing approaches search over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Nguyen Viet Tuan Kiet , Bui Dinh Pham , Dao Van Tung , Tran Cong Dao , Huynh Thi Thanh Binh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained enormous attention in recent years due to their capability of understanding and generating natural languages. With the rapid development and wild-range applications (e.g., Agents, Embodied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Kun Zhang , Le Wu , Kui Yu , Guangyi Lv , Dacao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities, yet their improvement methods remain fundamentally constrained by human design. We present Self-Developing, a framework that enables LLMs to autonomously discover,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yoichi Ishibashi , Taro Yano , Masafumi Oyamada

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing with their exceptional understanding, synthesizing, and reasoning capabilities. However, deploying LLMs on resource-constrained edge devices presents significant…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yue Zheng , Yuhao Chen , Bin Qian , Xiufang Shi , Yuanchao Shu , Jiming Chen

As artificial intelligence advances, large language models (LLMs) are entering qualitative research workflows, yet no reproducible methods exist for integrating them into established approaches like thematic analysis (TA), one of the most…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Cristina Martinez Montes , Robert Feldt , Cristina Miguel Martos , Sofia Ouhbi , Shweta Premanandan , Daniel Graziotin

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as data analysis agents, but existing benchmarks overlook the iterative nature of the field, where experts' decisions evolve with deeper insights of the dataset. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanyu Li , Haoyu Liu , Tingyu Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Zeyu Zheng , Xiaotie Deng , Michael I. Jordan

AI-assisted code generation tools have revolutionized software development, offering unprecedented efficiency and scalability. However, multiple studies have consistently highlighted challenges such as security vulnerabilities, reliability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Ahilan Ayyachamy Nadar Ponnusamy

Automatic Prompt Optimization (APO) has emerged as a critical technique for enhancing Large Language Model (LLM) performance, yet current state-of-the-art methods typically rely on large, labeled gold-standard development sets to compute…

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable at small parameter scales. At the same time, conventional cloud-centric deployment introduces challenges around data privacy, latency, and cost that are acute in operational…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Harri Renney , Fouad Trad , Michael Mattarock , Zena Wood

Designing controllers for complex industrial electronic systems is challenging due to nonlinearities and parameter uncertainties, and traditional methods are often slow and costly. To address this, we propose a novel autonomous design…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-23 Chenggang Cui , Jiaming Liu , Peifeng Hui , Pengfeng Lin , Chuanlin Zhang

Coupling Large Language Models (LLMs) with Evolutionary Algorithms has recently shown significant promise as a technique to design new heuristics that outperform existing methods, particularly in the field of combinatorial optimisation. An…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Kevin Sim , Quentin Renau , Emma Hart

Large Language Model (LLM) inference systems present significant challenges in statistical performance characterization due to dynamic workload variations, diverse hardware architectures, and complex interactions between model size, batch…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Kaustabha Ray , Nelson Mimura Gonzalez , Bruno Wassermann , Rachel Tzoref-Brill , Dean H. Lorenz

Heuristic search is the dominant paradigm in symbolic AI planning, and the strongest heuristics are the result of decades of work by planning researchers. Recent work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can design heuristics for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Elliot Gestrin , Jendrik Seipp

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) improves performance on domain-specific tasks but can lead to overfitting, making them unreliable on out-of-distribution (OoD) queries. We propose LoRA-BAM - a method that adds OoD detection monitors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Changshun Wu , Tianyi Duan , Saddek Bensalem , Chih-Hong Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) hold great promise for medical applications and are evolving rapidly, with new models being released at an accelerated pace. However, benchmarking on large-scale real-world data such as electronic health records…

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