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Generative AI is rapidly transforming medical imaging and text analysis, offering immense potential for enhanced diagnosis and personalized care. However, this transformative technology raises crucial ethical, societal, and legal questions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Onyekachukwu R. Okonji , Kamol Yunusov , Bonnie Gordon

Generative AI (e.g., Generative Adversarial Networks - GANs) has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, Generative AI introduces significant concerns regarding the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) (resp. model…

The widespread use of generative AI systems is coupled with significant ethical and social challenges. As a result, policymakers, academic researchers, and social advocacy groups have all called for such systems to be audited. However,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Jakob Mokander , Justin Curl , Mihir Kshirsagar

Globally, artificial intelligence (AI) implementation is growing, holding the capability to fundamentally alter organisational processes and decision making. Simultaneously, this brings a multitude of emergent risks to organisations,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Finlay McGee

Adoption of AI by criminal entities across traditional and emerging financial crime paradigms has been a disturbing recent trend. Particularly concerning is the proliferation of generative AI, which has empowered criminal activities ranging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Eren Kurshan , Dhagash Mehta , Bayan Bruss , Tucker Balch

Advances in AI-generated content have led to wide adoption of large language models, diffusion-based visual generators, and synthetic audio tools. However, these developments raise critical concerns about misinformation, copyright…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Lele Cao

As AI systems become more advanced, concerns about large-scale risks from misuse or accidents have grown. This report analyzes the technical research into safe AI development being conducted by three leading AI companies: Anthropic, Google…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Oscar Delaney , Oliver Guest , Zoe Williams

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as a fundamental component of intelligent interactive systems, enabling the automatic generation of multimodal media content. The continuous enhancement in the quality of Artificial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yongquan Hu , Dawen Zhang , Mingyue Yuan , Kaiqi Xian , Don Samitha Elvitigala , June Kim , Gelareh Mohammadi , Zhenchang Xing , Xiwei Xu , Aaron Quigley

What makes safety claims about general purpose AI systems such as large language models trustworthy? We show that rather than the capabilities of security tools such as alignment and red teaming procedures, it is security practices based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Petr Spelda , Vit Stritecky

As artificial intelligence systems grow more capable and autonomous, frontier AI development poses potential systemic risks that could affect society at a massive scale. Current practices at many AI labs developing these systems lack…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Aidan Kierans , Kaley Rittichier , Utku Sonsayar , Avijit Ghosh

Across academia, industry, and government, there is an increasing awareness that the measurement tasks involved in evaluating generative AI (GenAI) systems are especially difficult. We argue that these measurement tasks are highly…

Risk thresholds provide a measure of the level of risk exposure that a society or individual is willing to withstand, ultimately shaping how we determine the safety of technological systems. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Heidy Khlaaf , Sarah Myers West

Embedded into information systems, artificial intelligence (AI) faces security threats that exploit AI-specific vulnerabilities. This paper provides an accessible overview of adversarial attacks unique to predictive and generative AI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Naoto Kiribuchi , Kengo Zenitani , Takayuki Semitsu

Robust access to trustworthy information is a critical need for society with implications for knowledge production, public health education, and promoting informed citizenry in democratic societies. Generative AI technologies may enable new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Bhaskar Mitra , Henriette Cramer , Olya Gurevich

The construction industry is a vital sector of the global economy, but it faces many productivity challenges in various processes, such as design, planning, procurement, inspection, and maintenance. Generative artificial intelligence (AI),…

Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI), the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Quantum Computing (QC), promises transformative advances, including AI-enabled quantum cryptography and quantum-resistant encryption protocols.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Grace Billiris , Asif Gill , Madhushi Bandara

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to greatly improve society, but as with any powerful technology, it comes with heightened risks and responsibilities. Current AI research lacks a systematic discussion of how to manage…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Dan Hendrycks , Mantas Mazeika

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) promises transformative benefits but also presents significant risks. We develop an approach to address the risk of harms consequential enough to significantly harm humanity. We identify four areas of…

Interactive chat systems that build on artificial intelligence frameworks are increasingly ubiquitous and embedded into search engines, Web browsers, and operating systems, or are available on websites and apps. Researcher efforts have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Katherine M. FitzGerald , Michelle Riedlinger , Axel Bruns , Stephen Harrington , Timothy Graham , Daniel Angus

Autonomous Driving (AD) systems rely on AI components to make safety and correct driving decisions. Unfortunately, today's AI algorithms are known to be generally vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, for such AI component-level…