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This review report discusses the cold start latency in serverless inference and existing solutions. It particularly reviews the ServerlessLLM method, a system designed to address the cold start problem in serverless inference for large…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Himel Ghosh

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled diverse applications with very different latency requirements. Existing LLM serving frameworks rely on siloed infrastructure with coarse-grained workload segregation --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Kanishk Goel , Jayashree Mohan , Nipun Kwatra , Ravi Shreyas Anupindi , Ramachandran Ramjee

Prompts to large language models (LLMs) have evolved beyond simple user questions. For LLMs to solve complex problems, today's practices are to include domain-specific instructions, illustration of tool usages, and/or long context such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Vikranth Srivatsa , Zijian He , Reyna Abhyankar , Dongming Li , Yiying Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of natural language tasks. However, selecting the optimal LLM to respond to a user query often necessitates a delicate balance between performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Wei Song , Zhenya Huang , Cheng Cheng , Weibo Gao , Bihan Xu , GuanHao Zhao , Fei Wang , Runze Wu

Recent advances in speech large language models (speech LLMs) have enabled seamless spoken interactions, but these systems still struggle with complex reasoning tasks. Previously, chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting or fine-tuning has been to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yi-Jen Shih , Desh Raj , Chunyang Wu , Wei Zhou , SK Bong , Yashesh Gaur , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli , Mike Seltzer

Applications in emerging domains such as XR are being built as compound inference systems, where multiple ML models are composed in the form of a task graph to service each request. Serving these compound systems efficiently raises two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sriram Devata , Rahul Singh , Sarita Adve

Multi-turn dialogues are essential in many real-world applications of large language models, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. As conversation histories become longer, existing large language models face increasing computational and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoyang Li , Zhanchao Xu , Yiming Li , Xuejia Chen , Darian Li , Anxin Tian , Qingfa Xiao , Cheng Deng , Jun Wang , Qing Li , Lei Chen , Mingxuan Yuan

Nowadays, service providers often deploy multiple types of LLM services within shared clusters. While the service colocation improves resource utilization, it introduces significant interference risks for latency-sensitive (LS)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zizhao Mo , Junlin Chen , Huanle Xu , Chengzhong Xu

The increasing demand for Large Language Models (LLMs) across various applications has led to a significant shift in the design of deep learning serving systems. Deploying LLMs, particularly in multi-tenant environments, poses substantial…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Bodun Hu , Jiamin Li , Le Xu , Myungjin Lee , Akshay Jajoo , Geon-Woo Kim , Hong Xu , Aditya Akella

With the proliferation of large language model (LLM) variants, developers are turning to serverless computing for cost-efficient LLM deployment. However, public cloud providers often struggle to provide performance guarantees for serverless…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Chiheng Lou , Sheng Qi , Chao Jin , Dapeng Nie , Haoran Yang , Yu Ding , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin

Meeting stringent Time-To-First-Token (TTFT) requirements is crucial for LLM applications. To improve efficiency, modern LLM serving systems adopt disaggregated architectures with diverse parallelisms, introducing complex multi-stage…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yijun Sun , Xudong Liao , Songrun Xie , Hao Chen , Han Tian , Wenxue Li , Yiming Zhang , Kai Chen

AI-enabled systems are subjected to various types of runtime uncertainties, ranging from dynamic workloads, resource requirements, model drift, etc. These uncertainties have a big impact on the overall Quality of Service (QoS). This is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Hemang Jain , Divyansh Pandey , Karthik Vaidhyanathan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered considerable attention owing to their remarkable capabilities, leading to an increasing number of companies offering LLMs as services. Different LLMs achieve different performance at different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Yueyue Liu , Hongyu Zhang , Yuantian Miao , Van-Hoang Le , Zhiqiang Li

High throughput serving of large language models (LLMs) requires batching sufficiently many requests at a time. However, existing systems struggle because the key-value cache (KV cache) memory for each request is huge and grows and shrinks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Woosuk Kwon , Zhuohan Li , Siyuan Zhuang , Ying Sheng , Lianmin Zheng , Cody Hao Yu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Hao Zhang , Ion Stoica

Recent advances in Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) techniques have significantly increased demand for serving quantized large language models (LLMs), enabling higher throughput and substantially reduced memory usage with minimal accuracy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Kyungmin Bin , Seungbeom Choi , Jimyoung Son , Jieun Choi , Daseul Bae , Daehyeon Baek , Kihyo Moon , Minsung Jang , Hyojung Lee

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) extend LLMs to handle images, videos, and audio by incorporating feature extractors and projection modules. However, these additional components -- combined with complex inference pipelines and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zedong Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Guangming Tan , Yang You , Dingwen Tao

While traditional optimization and scheduling schemes are designed to meet fixed, predefined system requirements, future systems are moving toward user-driven approaches and personalized services, aiming to achieve high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Thomas Mongaillard , Samson Lasaulce , Othman Hicheur , Chao Zhang , Lina Bariah , Vineeth S. Varma , Hang Zou , Qiyang Zhao , Merouane Debbah

This paper puts forth a networking paradigm, referred to as just-in-time (JIT) communication, to support client-server applications with stringent request-response latency requirement. Of interest is not just the round-trip delay of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Lihao Zhang , Soung Chang Liew , He Chen

The rapid adoption of machine learning (ML) has underscored the importance of serving ML models with high throughput and resource efficiency. Traditional approaches to managing increasing query demands have predominantly focused on hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Sohaib Ahmad , Hui Guan , Ramesh K. Sitaraman

Existing storage systems lack visibility into workload intent, limiting their ability to adapt to the semantics of modern, large-scale data-intensive applications. This disconnect leads to brittle heuristics and fragmented, siloed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shai Bergman , Won Wook Song , Lukas Cavigelli , Konstantin Berestizshevsky , Ke Zhou , Ji Zhang
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