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The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) is pushing AI accelerators toward increasingly powerful and specialized designs. Instead of further complicating software development with deeply hierarchical scratchpad memories (SPMs) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Yuhang Gu , Wei Zhang

An overview is given of the QCDOC architecture, a massively parallel and highly scalable computer optimized for lattice QCD using system-on-a-chip technology. The heart of a single node is the PowerPC-based QCDOC ASIC, developed in…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2007-05-23 P. A. Boyle , C. Jung , T. Wettig

To overcome the well-known memory bottleneck of AI chips, 3D stacked architectures that employ advanced packaging technology with high-density through-silicon vias (TSVs) pins have proven to be a promising solution. The 3D-stacked AI chip…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yiqi Liu , Noelle Crawford , Michael Wang , Jilong Xue , Jian Huang

The introduction of complex SoCs with multiple processor cores presents new development challenges, such that development support is now a decisive factor when choosing a System-on-Chip (SoC). The presented developments support strategy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 A. Mayer , H. Siebert , K. D. Mcdonald-Maier

Large language model (LLM) inference has been a prevalent demand in daily life and industries. The large tensor sizes and computing complexities in LLMs have brought challenges to memory, computing, and databus. This paper proposes a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yimin Wang , Yue Jiet Chong , Xuanyao Fong

Machine intelligence, especially using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has become a large area of research over the past years. Increasingly sophisticated hardware accelerators are proposed that exploit e.g. the sparsity in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Andreas Bytyn , René Ahlsdorf , Rainer Leupers , Gerd Ascheid

As multimodal and AI-driven services exchange hundreds of megabytes per request, existing IPC runtimes spend a growing share of CPU cycles on memory copies. Although both hardware and software mechanisms are exploring memory offloading,…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Misun Park , Richi Dubey , Yifan Yuan , Nam Sung Kim , Ada Gavrilovska

Multi-core, Mixed Criticality Embedded (MCE) real-time systems require high timing precision and predictability to guarantee there will be no interference between tasks. These guarantees are necessary in application areas such as avionics…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-29 Steve Kerrison , David May , Kerstin Eder

Heterogeneous systems appear as a viable design alternative for the dark silicon era. In this paradigm, a processor chip includes several different technological alternatives for implementing a certain logical block (e.g., core, on-chip…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-31 M. Horro , G. Rodríguez , J. Touriño , M. T. Kandemir

Large number of cores and hardware resource sharing are two characteristics on multicore processors, which bring new challenges for the design of operating systems. How to locate and analyze the speedup restrictive factors in operating…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2015-12-23 Yan Cui

We present several enhancements to the open-source ESP platform to support flexible and efficient on-chip communication for programmable accelerators in heterogeneous SoCs. These enhancements include 1) a flexible point-to-point…

Manycore System-on-Chip include an increasing amount of processing elements and have become an important research topic for improvements of both hardware and software. While research can be conducted using system simulators, prototyping…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2013-04-19 Stefan Wallentowitz , Philipp Wagner , Michael Tempelmeier , Thomas Wild , Andreas Herkersdorf

Large-scale graph processing has drawn great attention in recent years. Most of the modern-day datacenter workloads can be represented in the form of Graph Processing such as MapReduce etc. Consequently, a lot of designs for Domain-Specific…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Khushal Sethi

Modern multicore systems are migrating from homogeneous systems to heterogeneous systems with accelerator-based computing in order to overcome the barriers of performance and power walls. In this trend, FPGA-based accelerators are becoming…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Zhe Lin , Sharad Sinha , Hao Liang , Liang Feng , Wei Zhang

Next-generation mixed-criticality Systems-on-chip (SoCs) for robotics, automotive, and space must execute mixed-criticality AI-enhanced sensor processing and control workloads, ensuring reliable and time-predictable execution of critical…

We study general techniques for implementing distributed data structures on top of future many-core architectures with non cache-coherent or partially cache-coherent memory. With the goal of contributing towards what might become, in the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Panagiota Fatourou , Nikolaos D. Kallimanis , Eleni Kanellou , Odysseas Makridakis , Christi Symeonidou

Multi-port memory controllers (MPMCs) have become increasingly important in many modern applications due to the tremendous growth in bandwidth requirement. Many approaches so far have focused on improving either the memory access latency or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Xuan-Thuan Nguyen , Duc-Hung Le , Trong-Tu Bui , Huu-Thuan Huynh , Cong-Kha Pham

Advancements in multi-core have created interest among many research groups in finding out ways to harness the true power of processor cores. Recent research suggests that on-board component such as cache memory plays a crucial role in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-15 N. Ramasubramanian , Srinivas V. V. , N. Ammasai Gounden

Memory system is often the main bottleneck in chipmultiprocessor (CMP) systems in terms of latency, bandwidth and efficiency, and recently additionally facing capacity and power problems in an era of big data. A lot of research works have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-04-10 Licheng Chen , Tianyue Lu , Yanan Wang , Mingyu Chen , Yuan Ruan , Zehan Cui , Yongbing Huang , Mingyang Chen , Jiutian Zhang , Yungang Bao

With power consumption becoming a critical processor design issue, specialized architectures for low power processing are becoming popular. Several studies have shown that neural networks can be used for signal processing and pattern…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Raqibul Hasan , Tarek M. Taha , Chris Yakopcic , David J. Mountain