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Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are eminently suitable for improving the reliability of wireless communications by jointly designing the active beamforming at the base station (BS) and the passive beamforming at the RIS.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Qingchao Li , Mohammed El-Hajjar , Ibrahim Hemadeh , Arman Shojaeifard , Lajos Hanzo

This paper proposes a correlation-based three-stage channel estimation strategy with low pilot overhead for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided millimeter wave (mmWave) multi-user (MU) MIMO systems, in which both users and base…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Liuchang Zhuo , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Ruisong Weng , Shi Jin , A. Lee Swindlehurst , Jiangzhou Wang

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) refers to a family of RIS architectures characterized by scattering matrices not limited to being diagonal and enables higher wave manipulation flexibility and large performance…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Rui Wang , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have been proposed as a key enabler to improve the coverage of the signals and mitigate the frequent blockages in millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-16 Rafaela Schroeder , Jiguang He , Glauber Brante , Markku Juntti

In this paper, we investigate cascaded channel estimation for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided millimeter-wave multi-user communication systems. Since the complex channel gains of the cascaded RIS channel are generally…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Gyoseung Lee , Junil Choi

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) architectures offer superior beamforming gain over conventional diagonal RISs. However, the channel estimation overhead is the main hurdle for reaping the above gain in practice.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Rui Wang , Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

Channel estimation in the RIS-aided massive multiuser multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) wireless communication systems is challenging due to the passive feature of RIS and the large number of reflecting elements that incur high channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-13 Gui Zhou , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Petar Popovski , A. Lee Swindlehurst

Accurate estimation of the cascaded channel from a user equipment (UE) to a base station (BS) via each reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) element is critical to realizing the full potential of the RIS's ability to control the overall…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-08 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti

Deploying multiple beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (BD-RISs) can potentially improve the communication performance thanks to inter-element connections of each BD-RIS and inter-surface cooperative beamforming gain among…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Liang Liu

In this paper, we propose a three-stage unified channel estimation strategy for reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided multi-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) systems with the existence of the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Taihao Zhang , Zhendong Peng , Cunhua Pan , Hong Ren , Jiangzhou Wang

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) represents a promising architecture for advancing millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications. However, its intricate inter-element connections invalidate the conventional decoupled…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Linyu Peng , Tian Qiu , Cunhua Pan , Jiangzhou Wang , Taihao Zhang , Hong Ren

Channel acquisition is one of the main challenges for the deployment of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided communication systems. This is because an RIS has a large number of reflective elements, which are passive devices with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-16 Jie Chen , Ying-Chang Liang , Hei Victor Cheng , Wei Yu

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a newly-emerged technology that, with its unique features, is considered to be a game changer for future wireless networks. Channel estimation is one of the most critical challenges for the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-30 Mehdi Haghshenas , Parisa Ramezani , Emil Björnson

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can manipulate the wireless communication environment by controlling the coefficients of RIS elements. However, due to the large number of passive RIS elements without signal processing capability,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Xiuhong Wei , Decai Shen , Linglong Dai

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) technology has emerged as a key enabler for future wireless communications. However, its potential is constrained by the difficulty of acquiring accurate user-to-RIS channel state information (CSI),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-20 Md. Shahriar Sadid , Ali A. Nasir , Saad Al-Ahmadi , Samir Al-Ghadhban

A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can be used to improve the channel gain between a base station (BS) and user equipment (UE), but only if its $N$ reflecting elements are configured properly. This requires accurate estimation of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-24 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Emil Björnson , Luca Sanguinetti

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is envisioned to be a promising green technology to reduce the energy consumption and improve the coverage and spectral efficiency of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless networks.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Zhen-Qing He , Hang Liu , Xiaojun Yuan , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang , Ying-Chang Liang

This paper investigates the uplink cascaded channel estimation for intelligent-reflecting-surface (IRS)-assisted multi-user multiple-input-single-output systems. We focus on a sub-6 GHz scenario where the channel propagation is not sparse…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Huayan Guo , Vincent K. N. Lau

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with low hardware cost and energy consumption has been recognized as a potential technique for future 6G communications to enhance coverage and capacity. To achieve this goal, accurate channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Xiuhong Wei , Decai Shen , Linglong Dai

Channel estimation in reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-aided systems is crucial for optimal configuration of the RIS and various downstream tasks such as user localization. In RIS-aided systems, channel estimation involves…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-19 Firas Fredj , Amal Feriani , Amine Mezghani , Ekram Hossain
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