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Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit substantial promise in enhancing task-planning capabilities within embodied agents due to their advanced reasoning and comprehension. However, the systemic safety of these agents remains an underexplored…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuting Huang , Leilei Ding , Zhipeng Tang , Tianfu Wang , Xinrui Lin , Wuyang Zhang , Mingxiao Ma , Yanyong Zhang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare demands a safety paradigm rooted in \textit{primum non nocere}. However, current alignment techniques rely on generic definitions of harm that fail to capture context-dependent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Andrew Maranhão Ventura D'addario

Large Language Models (LLMs) are acquiring a wider range of capabilities, including understanding and responding in multiple languages. While they undergo safety training to prevent them from answering illegal questions, imbalances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Likai Tang , Niruth Bogahawatta , Yasod Ginige , Jiarui Xu , Shixuan Sun , Surangika Ranathunga , Suranga Seneviratne

Large Language Model (LLM) integrations into applications like Microsoft365 suite and Google Workspace for creating/processing documents, emails, presentations, etc. has led to considerable enhancements in productivity and time savings. But…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Reshmi Ghosh , Tianyi Yao , Lizzy Chen , Sadid Hasan , Tianwei Chen , Dario Bernal , Huitian Jiao , H M Sajjad Hossain

Large audio-language models (LALMs) extend text-based LLMs with auditory understanding, offering new opportunities for multimodal applications. While their perception, reasoning, and task performance have been widely studied, their safety…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has demonstrated significant proficiency in conducting question-answering (QA) tasks within a specified corpus. Nonetheless, numerous failure instances of RAG in QA still exist. These failures are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jintao Zhang , Guoliang Li , Jinyang Su

Personal AI agents like OpenClaw run with elevated privileges on users' local machines, where a single successful prompt injection can leak credentials, redirect financial transactions, or destroy files. This threat goes well beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Bowen Wei , Yunbei Zhang , Jinhao Pan , Kai Mei , Xiao Wang , Jihun Hamm , Ziwei Zhu , Yingqiang Ge

In this paper, we present JADE, a targeted linguistic fuzzing platform which strengthens the linguistic complexity of seed questions to simultaneously and consistently break a wide range of widely-used LLMs categorized in three groups:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Mi Zhang , Xudong Pan , Min Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have a transformative impact on a variety of scientific tasks across disciplines including biology, chemistry, medicine, and physics. However, ensuring the safety alignment of these models in scientific research…

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly improved through interaction, yet most self-evolution methods adapt either the policy or the learning environment in isolation. We identify this structural gap as \emph{Agent-Environment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yihao Hu , Zhihao Wen , Xiujin Liu , Pan Wang , Xin Zhang , Wei Wu

Large language model (LLM) based recommendation agents personalize what they know through evolving per-user semantic memory, yet how they reason remains a universal, static system prompt shared identically across all users. This asymmetry…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhen Tao , Riwei Lai , Chenyun Yu , Weixin Chen , Li Chen , Beibei Kong , Lei Cheng , Chengxiang Zhuo , Zang Li , Qingqiang Sun

Self-assessment is a key aspect of reliable intelligence, yet evaluations of large language models (LLMs) focus mainly on task accuracy. We adapted the 10-item General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) to elicit simulated self-assessments from ten…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Daniel I Jackson , Emma L Jensen , Syed-Amad Hussain , Emre Sezgin

The prevalence of security vulnerabilities has prompted companies to adopt static application security testing (SAST) tools for vulnerability detection. Nevertheless, these tools frequently exhibit usability limitations, as their generic…

Large Language Models (LLMs) can justify or critique their predictions through discussions with other models or humans, thereby enriching their intrinsic understanding of instances. While proactive discussions in the inference phase have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Mengsay Loem , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

Language model deployments in consumer-facing applications introduce numerous risks. While existing research on harms and hazards of such applications follows top-down approaches derived from regulatory frameworks and theoretical analyses,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Pierre Le Jeune , Jiaen Liu , Luca Rossi , Matteo Dora

The integration of Large Language Model (LLM)-based conversational agents into vehicles creates novel security challenges at the intersection of agentic AI, automotive safety, and inter-agent communication. As these intelligent assistants…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Lukas Stappen , Ahmet Erkan Turan , Johann Hagerer , Georg Groh

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in human-AI interaction research and practice, yet existing capability and safety benchmarks reveal little about the value priorities these systems express or how those priorities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gabriel Rongyang Lau , Wei Yan Low , Seow Min Koh , Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah , Andree Hartanto

Current LLM-based conversational recommender systems (CRS) primarily optimize recommendation accuracy and user satisfaction. We identify an underexplored vulnerability in which recommendation outputs may negatively impact users by violating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Haochang Hao , Yifan Xu , Xinzhuo Li , Yingqiang Ge , Lu Cheng

This study addresses categories of harm surrounding Large Language Models (LLMs) in the field of artificial intelligence. It addresses five categories of harms addressed before, during, and after development of AI applications:…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kevin Chen , Saleh Afroogh , Abhejay Murali , David Atkinson , Amit Dhurandhar , Junfeng Jiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into safety-critical workflows, yet existing security analyses remain fragmented and often isolate model behavior from the broader system context. This work introduces a goal-driven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Neha Nagaraja , Hayretdin Bahsi
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