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The memory system of a modern embedded processor consumes a large fraction of total system energy. We explore a range of different configuration options and show that a reconfigurable design can make better use of the resources available to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-01-08 Daniel Bates , Alex Chadwick , Robert Mullins

Transformative innovations in model architectures have introduced hierarchical embedding augmentation as a means to redefine the representation of tokens through multi-level semantic structures, offering enhanced adaptability to complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Derek Yotheringhay , Alistair Kirkland , Humphrey Kirkbride , Josiah Whitesteeple

Despite the growing prevalence of large language model (LLM) architectures, a crucial concern persists regarding their energy and power consumption, which still lags far behind the remarkable energy efficiency of the human brain. Recent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Malyaban Bal , Yi Jiang , Abhronil Sengupta

Structured state space sequence (S4) models have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance on long-range sequence modeling tasks. These models also have fast inference speeds and parallelisable training, making them potentially useful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chris Lu , Yannick Schroecker , Albert Gu , Emilio Parisotto , Jakob Foerster , Satinder Singh , Feryal Behbahani

Self-evolving memory serves as the trainable parameters for Large Language Models (LLMs)-based agents, where extraction (distilling insights from experience) and management (updating the memory bank) must be tightly coordinated. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yongshi Ye , Hui Jiang , Feihu Jiang , Tian Lan , Yichao Du , Biao Fu , Xiaodong Shi , Qianghuai Jia , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo

Scrambling quantum systems have attracted attention as effective substrates for temporal information processing. Here we consider a quantum reservoir processing framework that captures a broad range of physical computing models with quantum…

Statefulness is essential for large language model (LLM) agents to perform long-term planning and problem-solving. This makes memory a critical component, yet its management and evolution remain largely underexplored. Existing evaluations…

Catastrophic forgetting poses a fundamental challenge in continual learning, particularly when models are quantized for deployment efficiency. We systematically investigate the interplay between quantization precision (FP16, INT8, INT4) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Michael S. Zhang , Rishi A. Ruia , Arnav Kewalram , Saathvik Dharmapuram , Utkarsh Sharma , Kevin Zhu

Long-term multi-agent systems inevitably generate vast amounts of trajectories and historical interactions, which makes efficient memory management essential for both performance and scalability. Existing methods typically depend on vector…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoran Xu , Jiacong Hu , Ke Zhang , Lei Yu , Yuxin Tang , Xinyuan Song , Yiqun Duan , Lynn Ai , Bill Shi

Language models (LMs) are being scaled and becoming powerful. Improving their efficiency is one of the core research topics in neural information processing systems. Tay et al. (2022) provided a comprehensive overview of efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Meng Jiang , Hy Dang , Lingbo Tong

Active systems across scales, ranging from molecular machines to human crowds, are usually modeled as assemblies of self-propelled particles driven by internally generated forces. However, these models often assume memoryless dynamics and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-10 Marc Besse , Raphaël Voituriez

The field of deep-learning-based ECG analysis has been largely dominated by convolutional architectures. This work explores the prospects of applying the recently introduced structured state space models (SSMs) as a particularly promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Temesgen Mehari , Nils Strodthoff

Working memory, or the ability to hold and manipulate information in the mind, is a critical component of human intelligence and executive functioning. It is correlated with performance on various cognitive tasks, including measures of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Karin de Langis , Jong Inn Park , Bin Hu , Khanh Chi Le , Andreas Schramm , Michael C. Mensink , Andrew Elfenbein , Dongyeop Kang

Attention-based models have recently shown great performance on a range of tasks, such as speech recognition, machine translation, and image captioning due to their ability to summarize relevant information that expands through the entire…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-02-02 F A Rezaur Rahman Chowdhury , Quan Wang , Ignacio Lopez Moreno , Li Wan

While reduction in feature size makes computation cheaper in terms of latency, area, and power consumption, performance of emerging data-intensive applications is determined by data movement. These trends have introduced the concept of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Bahar Asgari , Saibal Mukhopadhyay , Sudhakar Yalamanchili

In the quest for next-generation sequence modeling architectures, State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as a potent alternative to transformers, particularly for their computational efficiency and suitability for dynamical systems. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Steven Abreu , Jens E. Pedersen , Kade M. Heckel , Alessandro Pierro

Large Language Models (LLMs) have driven significant progress, yet their growing parameter counts and context windows incur prohibitive compute, energy, and monetary costs. We introduce EfficientLLM, a novel benchmark and the first…

Sequence memory is an essential attribute of natural and artificial intelligence that enables agents to encode, store, and retrieve complex sequences of stimuli and actions. Computational models of sequence memory have been proposed where…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Hamza Tahir Chaudhry , Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth , Dmitry Krotov , Cengiz Pehlevan

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) mainly involves two tasks, intent detection and slot filling, which are generally modeled jointly in existing works. However, most existing models fail to fully utilize co-occurrence relations between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Yijin Liu , Fandong Meng , Jinchao Zhang , Jie Zhou , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) is essential for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on memory-constrained devices, yet it renders models static and difficult to fine-tune. Standard fine-tuning paradigms, including Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yinggan Xu , Risto Miikkulainen , Xin Qiu