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Related papers: JailbreaksOverTime: Detecting Jailbreak Attacks Un…

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Large Language Models (LLMs) have performed exceptionally in various text-generative tasks, including question answering, translation, code completion, etc. However, the over-assistance of LLMs has raised the challenge of "jailbreaking",…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Sibo Yi , Yule Liu , Zhen Sun , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Jiaxing Song , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Iterative jailbreak methods that repeatedly rewrite and input prompts into large language models (LLMs) to induce harmful outputs -- using the model's previous responses to guide each new iteration -- have been found to be a highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Masahiro Kaneko , Zeerak Talat , Timothy Baldwin

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from a range of vulnerabilities that allow malicious users to solicit undesirable responses through manipulation of the input text. These so-called jailbreak prompts are designed to trick the LLM into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 John Hawkins , Aditya Pramar , Rodney Beard , Rohitash Chandra

Safety alignment mechanism are essential for preventing large language models (LLMs) from generating harmful information or unethical content. However, cleverly crafted prompts can bypass these safety measures without accessing the model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Sunbowen Lee , Shiwen Ni , Chi Wei , Shuaimin Li , Liyang Fan , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Ruifeng Xu , Yicheng Gong , Min Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence (AI) services due to their exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human-like text. LLM chatbots, in particular, have seen widespread adoption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Kailong Wang , Ying Zhang , Zefeng Li , Haoyu Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Jailbreaking is an emerging adversarial attack that bypasses the safety alignment deployed in off-the-shelf large language models (LLMs). A considerable amount of research exists proposing more effective jailbreak attacks, including the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang , Yang Liu , Ning Liu

Jailbreaking techniques pose a significant threat to the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing defenses typically focus on single-turn attacks, lack coverage across languages, and rely on limited taxonomies that either fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Francesco Giarrusso , Olga E. Sorokoletova , Vincenzo Suriani , Daniele Nardi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by advancing natural language understanding and generation, enabling applications across fields beyond healthcare, software engineering, and conversational systems.…

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), ensuring their safe use becomes increasingly critical. Fine-tuning is a widely used method for adapting models to downstream tasks, yet it is vulnerable to jailbreak attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xiangfang Li , Yu Wang , Bo Li

As large language models (LLMs) grow in power and influence, ensuring their safety and preventing harmful output becomes critical. Automated red teaming serves as a tool to detect security vulnerabilities in LLMs without manual labor.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Weiyang Guo , Zesheng Shi , Zhuo Li , Yequan Wang , Xuebo Liu , Wenya Wang , Fangming Liu , Min Zhang , Jing Li

In deployment and application, large language models (LLMs) typically undergo safety alignment to prevent illegal and unethical outputs. However, the continuous advancement of jailbreak attack techniques, designed to bypass safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Chuhan Zhang , Ye Zhang , Bowen Shi , Yuyou Gan , Tianyu Du , Shouling Ji , Dazhan Deng , Yingcai Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for their advanced text generation capabilities across various domains. However, like any software, they face security challenges, including the risk of 'jailbreak' attacks that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Jie Li , Yi Liu , Chongyang Liu , Ling Shi , Xiaoning Ren , Yaowen Zheng , Yang Liu , Yinxing Xue

The rapid progress in open-source large language models (LLMs) is significantly advancing AI development. Extensive efforts have been made before model release to align their behavior with human values, with the primary goal of ensuring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yangsibo Huang , Samyak Gupta , Mengzhou Xia , Kai Li , Danqi Chen

Conversational large language models are trained to refuse to answer harmful questions. However, emergent jailbreaking techniques can still elicit unsafe outputs, presenting an ongoing challenge for model alignment. To better understand how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Sarah Ball , Frauke Kreuter , Nina Panickssery

LLMs have made impressive progress, but their growing capabilities also expose them to highly flexible jailbreaking attacks designed to bypass safety alignment. While many existing defenses focus on known types of attacks, it is more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Haoyu Wang , Zeyu Qin , Yifei Zhao , Chao Du , Min Lin , Xueqian Wang , Tianyu Pang

Jailbreak attacks induce Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate harmful responses, posing severe misuse threats. Though research on jailbreak attacks and defenses is emerging, there is no consensus on evaluating jailbreaks, i.e., the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Delong Ran , Jinyuan Liu , Yichen Gong , Jingyi Zheng , Xinlei He , Tianshuo Cong , Anyu Wang

With the growing deployment of LLMs in daily applications like chatbots and content generation, efforts to ensure outputs align with human values and avoid harmful content have intensified. However, increasingly sophisticated jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Cheng Qian , Hainan Zhang , Lei Sha , Zhiming Zheng

Jailbreak attacks to Large audio-language models (LALMs) are studied recently, but they exclusively focused on the attack scenario where the adversary can fully manipulate user prompts (named strong adversary) and limited in effectiveness,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Guangke Chen , Fu Song , Zhe Zhao , Xiaojun Jia , Yang Liu , Yanchen Qiao , Weizhe Zhang , Weiping Tu , Yuhong Yang , Bo Du

Large language models trained for safety and harmlessness remain susceptible to adversarial misuse, as evidenced by the prevalence of "jailbreak" attacks on early releases of ChatGPT that elicit undesired behavior. Going beyond recognition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Alexander Wei , Nika Haghtalab , Jacob Steinhardt

The study of large language models (LLMs) is a key area in open-world machine learning. Although LLMs demonstrate remarkable natural language processing capabilities, they also face several challenges, including consistency issues,…