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Most popular optimizers for deep learning can be broadly categorized as adaptive methods (e.g. Adam) and accelerated schemes (e.g. stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with momentum). For many models such as convolutional neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Juntang Zhuang , Tommy Tang , Yifan Ding , Sekhar Tatikonda , Nicha Dvornek , Xenophon Papademetris , James S. Duncan

Approximating Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) as a Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE) has allowed researchers to enjoy the benefits of studying a continuous optimization trajectory while carefully preserving the stochasticity of SGD.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Sadhika Malladi , Kaifeng Lyu , Abhishek Panigrahi , Sanjeev Arora

Projected gradient descent and its Riemannian variant belong to a typical class of methods for low-rank matrix estimation. This paper proposes a new Nesterov's Accelerated Riemannian Gradient algorithm by efficient orthographic retraction…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-05 Hongyi Li , Zhen Peng , Chengwei Pan , Di Zhao

The rapid development of machine learning and deep learning has introduced increasingly complex optimization challenges that must be addressed. Indeed, training modern, advanced models has become difficult to implement without leveraging…

Adam is a widely used stochastic optimization method for deep learning applications. While practitioners prefer Adam because it requires less parameter tuning, its use is problematic from a theoretical point of view since it may not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Mingrui Liu , Wei Zhang , Francesco Orabona , Tianbao Yang

Popular approaches for minimizing loss in data-driven learning often involve an abstraction or an explicit retention of the history of gradients for efficient parameter updates. The aggregated history of gradients nudges the parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Paul-Aymeric McRae , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Mahmoud Assran , Sarath Chandar

Since its invention in 2014, the Adam optimizer has received tremendous attention. On one hand, it has been widely used in deep learning and many variants have been proposed, while on the other hand their theoretical convergence property…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Zhishuai Guo , Yi Xu , Wotao Yin , Rong Jin , Tianbao Yang

The performance of gradient-based optimization methods, such as standard gradient descent (GD), greatly depends on the choice of learning rate. However, it can require a non-trivial amount of user tuning effort to select an appropriate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nikola Surjanovic , Alexandre Bouchard-Côté , Trevor Campbell

Focusing on the practical configuration needs of optimization algorithms in deep learning, this article concentrates on five major algorithms: SGD, Mini-batch SGD, Momentum, Adam, and Lion. It systematically analyzes the core advantages,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Deng Fucheng , Wang Wanjie , Gong Ao , Wang Xiaoqi , Wang Fan

In this work, we study an optimizer, Grad-Avg to optimize error functions. We establish the convergence of the sequence of iterates of Grad-Avg mathematically to a minimizer (under boundedness assumption). We apply Grad-Avg along with some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Saugata Purkayastha , Sukannya Purkayastha

Training deep neural networks is challenging. To accelerate training and enhance performance, we propose PadamP, a novel optimization algorithm. PadamP is derived by applying the adaptive estimation of the p-th power of the second-order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-14 Yongqi Li , Xiaowei Zhang

In this paper, we introduce StochGradAdam, a novel optimizer designed as an extension of the Adam algorithm, incorporating stochastic gradient sampling techniques to improve computational efficiency while maintaining robust performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Juyoung Yun

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) is an important and challenging optimization problem in machine learning due to its non-convexity and non-separable structure. The alternating minimization (AM) approaches split the composition structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Jintao Xu , Chenglong Bao , Wenxun Xing

Submodular function minimization is a fundamental optimization problem that arises in several applications in machine learning and computer vision. The problem is known to be solvable in polynomial time, but general purpose algorithms have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Alina Ene , Huy L. Nguyen

We propose a new gradient descent algorithm with added stochastic terms for finding the global optimizers of nonconvex optimization problems. A key component in the algorithm is the adaptive tuning of the randomness based on the value of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-16 Björn Engquist , Kui Ren , Yunan Yang

In neural network training, RMSProp and Adam remain widely favoured optimisation algorithms. One of the keys to their performance lies in selecting the correct step size, which can significantly influence their effectiveness. Additionally,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Alokendu Mazumder , Rishabh Sabharwal , Manan Tayal , Bhartendu Kumar , Punit Rathore

Deep neural network learning can be formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. Existing optimization algorithms, e.g., Adam, can learn the models fast, but may get stuck in local optima easily. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Jiawei Zhang , Fisher B. Gouza

Momentum methods have been shown to accelerate the convergence of the standard gradient descent algorithm in practice and theory. In particular, the minibatch-based gradient descent methods with momentum (MGDM) are widely used to solve…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-29 Yuan Gao , Xuening Zhu , Haobo Qi , Guodong Li , Riquan Zhang , Hansheng Wang

This paper aims to clearly distinguish between Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum (SGDM) and Adam in terms of their convergence rates. We demonstrate that Adam achieves a faster convergence compared to SGDM under the condition of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Bohan Wang , Huishuai Zhang , Qi Meng , Ruoyu Sun , Zhi-Ming Ma , Wei Chen

Convolutional neural networks have outperformed humans in image recognition tasks, but they remain vulnerable to attacks from adversarial examples. Since these data are crafted by adding imperceptible noise to normal images, their existence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Heng Yin , Hengwei Zhang , Jindong Wang , Ruiyu Dou