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We track the motion of a horizontally vibrated amorphous assembly of bidisperse hard disks, for densities ranging across the jamming transition. We derive on very general grounds a bound on the dynamical susceptibility in terms of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-08-26 F. Lechenault , O. Dauchot , G. Biroli , J. P. Bouchaud

Protoplanetary disks are the sites of vigorous hydrodynamic processes, such as accretion and outflows, and ultimately establish the conditions for the formation of planets. The properties of disk outflows are often inferred through analysis…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-18 Ahmad Nemer , ChangHoon Hahn , Jiaxuan Li , Peter Melchior , Jeremy Goodman

The design of a metric between probability distributions is a longstanding problem motivated by numerous applications in Machine Learning. Focusing on continuous probability distributions on the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$, we introduce…

Molecular lines hold valuable information on the physical and chemical composition of disks around young stars, the likely progenitors of planetary systems. This invited contribution discusses techniques to calculate the molecular emission…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-18 Michiel Hogerheijde

We investigate the dust distribution in the crescent disk around HD 142527 based on the continuum emission at $890 \mathrm{\ \mu m}$ obtained by ALMA Cycle 0. The map is divided into $18$ azimuthal sectors, and the radial intensity profile…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-13 Kang-Lou Soon , Tomoyuki Hanawa , Takayuki Muto , Takashi Tsukagoshi , Munetake Momose

We present results of a study aimed at deriving fundamental properties of circumstellar debris disks from observed infrared to submillimeter spectral energy distributions. This investigation is motivated by increasing telescope/detector…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Sebastian Wolf , Lynne Hillenbrand

We aim to directly trace the vertical location of the emitting surface of multiple molecular tracers in protoplanetary disks. Our sample of disks includes Elias 2-27, WaOph 6 and the sources targeted by the MAPS ALMA Large Program. The set…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-25 T. Paneque-Carreño , A. Miotello , E. F. van Dishoeck , B. Tabone , A. F. Izquierdo , S. Facchini

This is the second paper in a series where we study the influence of transport processes on the chemical evolution of protoplanetary disks. Our analysis is based on a flared alpha-model of the DM Tau system, coupled to a large gas-grain…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 D. Semenov , D. Wiebe

Methods. We use the recently developed disk code ProDiMo to calculate the physico-chemical structure of protoplanetary disks and apply the Monte-Carlo line radiative transfer code RATRAN to predict observable line profiles and fluxes. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 I. Kamp , I. Tilling , P. Woitke , W. -F. Thi , M. Hogerheijde

Using controlled injection and recovery experiments, we devised an analysis prescription to assess the quality of dynamical measurements of protoplanetary disk gas masses based on resolved (CO) spectral line data, given observational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-31 Sean M. Andrews , Richard Teague , Christopher P. Wirth , Jane Huang , Zhaohuan Zhu

In this work we model the expected molecular emission from protoplanetary disks, modifying different physical parameters, such as dust grain size, mass accretion rate, viscosity, and disk radius, to obtain observational signatures in these…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Itziar de Gregorio-Monsalvo , Jose F. Gomez , Paola D'Alessio

We present an approach to deep estimation of discrete conditional probability distributions. Such models have several applications, including generative modeling of audio, image, and video data. Our approach combines two main techniques:…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-01 Wesley Tansey , Karl Pichotta , James G. Scott

The estimation of cumulative distribution functions (CDF) and probability density functions (PDF) is a fundamental practice in applied statistics. However, challenges often arise when dealing with data arranged in grouped intervals. In this…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-25 Ejike R. Ugba , Jan Gertheiss

High-resolution observations show that typically both the dust and the gas in nearby extended protoplanetary disks are structured, possibly related to radial and azimuthal variations in the disk density and/or chemistry. The aim of this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-20 M. Leemker , A. S. Booth , E. F. van Dishoeck , L. Wölfer , B. Dent

We explore the use of mm-wave emission line ratios to trace molecular gas density when observations integrate over a wide range of volume densities within a single telescope beam. For observations targeting external galaxies, this case is…

The gas and dust are spatially segregated in protoplanetary disks due to the vertical settling and radial drift of large grains. A fuller accounting of the mass content and distribution in disks therefore requires spectral line…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-10-12 Jonathan P. Williams , Conor McPartland

We propose a test for model specification of a parametric diffusion process based on a kernel estimation of the transitional density of the process. The empirical likelihood is used to formulate a statistic, for each kernel smoothing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Song Xi Chen , Jiti Gao , Cheng Yong Tang

The Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) probes the chemistry and dust mineralogy of the inner regions of protoplanetary disks. The observed spectra are unprecedented in their detail, complicating…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-17 T. Kaeufer , M. Min , P. Woitke , I. Kamp , A. M. Arabhavi

The Probability Distribution Function of plasma density fluctuations at the edge of fusion devices is known to be skewed and strongly non-Gaussian. The causes of this peculiar behaviour are, up to now, largely unexplored. On the other hand,…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Sattin , N. Vianello