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Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness around the world and demands precise AI-based diagnostic tools. Traditional loss functions in multi-class classification, such as Categorical Cross-Entropy (CCE), are very common but…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-24 Santhosh Malarvannan , Pandiyaraju V , Shravan Venkatraman , Abeshek A , Priyadarshini B , Kannan A

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications in diabetic patients' eyes, potentially leading to permanent blindness if not detected timely. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-09 Sidhiq Mardianta , Affandy , Catur Supriyanto , Catur Supriyanto , Adi Wijaya

The quality of diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening relies on the ability to correctly grade severity; however, many deep-learning (DL) classifiers cannot be easily interpreted in the clinical context. This study presents a methodology that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Pir Bakhsh Khokhar , Carmine Gravino , Fabio Palomba , Sule Yildirim Yayilgan , Sarang Shaikh

Diabetic Retinopathy is one of the most familiar diseases and is a diabetes complication that affects eyes. Initially, diabetic retinopathy may cause no symptoms or only mild vision problems. Eventually, it can cause blindness. So early…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Indronil Bhattacharjee , Al-Mahmud , Tareq Mahmud

Deep learning has emerged as a transformative approach for solving complex pattern recognition and object detection challenges. This paper focuses on the application of a novel detection framework based on the RT-DETR model for analyzing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Weijie He , Yuwei Zhang , Ting Xu , Tai An , Yingbin Liang , Bo Zhang

Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease characterized by optic neuropathy, leading to irreversible vision loss. It progresses gradually, often remaining undiagnosed until advanced stages. Early detection is crucial to monitor atrophy and develop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Sayan Mandal

Generalizing image classification across domains remains challenging in critical tasks such as fundus image-based diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading and resting-state fMRI seizure onset zone (SOZ) detection. When domains differ in unknown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ayan Banerjee , Kuntal Thakur , Sandeep Gupta

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss among middle-aged and elderly people, which significantly impacts their daily lives and mental health. To improve the efficiency of clinical screening and enable the early…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Junlai Qiu , Yunzhu Chen , Hao Zheng , Yawen Huang , Yuexiang Li

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of preventable blindness in the world. Its earliest sign are red lesions, a general term that groups both microaneurysms and hemorrhages. In daily clinical practice, these lesions are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-16 José Ignacio Orlando , Elena Prokofyeva , Mariana del Fresno , Matthew B. Blaschko

Deep learning classifiers provide the most accurate means of automatically diagnosing diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its angiography (OCTA). The power of these models is attributable in part to the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-28 Pengxiao Zang , Tristan T. Hormel , Jie Wang , Yukun Guo , Steven T. Bailey , Christina J. Flaxel , David Huang , Thomas S. Hwang , Yali Jia

Background: To determine the ability of a commercially available deep learning system, RetCAD v.1.3.1 (Thirona, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) for the automatic detection of referable diabetic retinopathy (DR) on a dataset of colour fundus…

In recent years, deep learning (DL) techniques have provided state-of-the-art performance on different medical imaging tasks. However, the availability of good quality annotated medical data is very challenging due to involved time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Muhammad Ahtazaz Ahsan , Adnan Qayyum , Junaid Qadir , Adeel Razi

People with diabetes are more likely to develop diabetic retinopathy (DR) than healthy people. However, DR is the leading cause of blindness. At present, the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy mainly relies on the experienced clinician to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Zhuoyi Tan , Hizmawati Madzin , Zeyu Ding

The clinical deployment of deep learning models for high-stakes tasks such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading requires demonstrable reliability. While models achieve high accuracy, their clinical utility is limited by a lack of robust…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Rizwan Ahamed , Annahita Amireskandari , Joel Palko , Carol Laxson , Binod Bhattarai , Prashnna Gyawali

Retinal vessel segmentation is critical for diagnosing ocular conditions, yet current deep learning methods are limited by modality-specific challenges and significant distribution shifts across imaging devices, resolutions, and anatomical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Zixuan Liu , Aaron Honjaya , Yuekai Xu , Yi Zhang , Hefu Pan , Xin Wang , Linda G Shapiro , Sheng Wang , Ruikang K Wang

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness among diabetic patients. Deep learning models have shown promising results in automating the detection of DR. In the present work, we propose a new methodology that integrates a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Susmita Ghosh , Abhiroop Chatterjee

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) show impressive performance for image classification and detection, extending heavily to the medical image domain. Nevertheless, medical experts are sceptical in these predictions as the nonlinear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-30 Waleed M. Gondal , Jan M. Köhler , René Grzeszick , Gernot A. Fink , Michael Hirsch

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is considered one of the significant concerns worldwide, primarily due to its impact on causing vision loss among most people with diabetes. The severity of DR is typically comprehended manually by ophthalmologists…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Tejas Karkera , Chandranath Adak , Soumi Chattopadhyay , Muhammad Saqib

Deep learning has shown remarkable performance in medical image segmentation. However, despite its promise, deep learning has many challenges in practice due to its inability to effectively transition to unseen domains, caused by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Dewei Hu , Hao Li , Han Liu , Jiacheng Wang , Xing Yao , Daiwei Lu , Ipek Oguz