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Objective: To present an overview on the current state of the art concerning metrics-based quality evaluation of software components and component assemblies. Method: Comparison of several approaches available in the literature, using a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-10-03 Miguel Goulão , Fernando Brito e Abreu

While using formal methods offers advantages over unit testing, their steep learning curve can be daunting to developers and can be a major impediment to widespread adoption. To support integration into an industrial software engineering…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Letitia W. Li , Denley Lam , Vu Le , Daniel Mitchell , Mark J. Gerken , Robert B. Ross

Researchers in empirical software engineering often make claims based on observable data such as defect reports. Unfortunately, in many cases, these claims are generalized beyond the data sets that have been evaluated. Will the researcher's…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Abdul Ali Bangash , Hareem Sahar , Abram Hindle , Karim Ali

In the last decade, several studies have explored automated techniques to estimate the effort of agile software development. We perform a close replication and extension of a seminal work proposing the use of Deep Learning for Agile Effort…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Vali Tawosi , Rebecca Moussa , Federica Sarro

Language Model (LM) agents are increasingly used in complex open-ended decision-making tasks, from AI coding to physical AI. A core requirement in these settings is the ability to both explore the problem space and exploit acquired…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jaden Park , Jungtaek Kim , Jongwon Jeong , Robert D. Nowak , Kangwook Lee , Yong Jae Lee

Software implements a significant proportion of functionality in factory automation. Thus, efficient development and the reuse of software parts, so-called units, enhance competitiveness. Thereby, complex control software units are more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Juliane Fischer , Birgit Vogel-Heuser , Heiko Schneider , Nikolai Langer , Markus Felger , Matthias Bengel

LLMs increasingly excel on AI benchmarks, but doing so does not guarantee validity for downstream tasks. This study contrasts LLM alignment on benchmarks, downstream tasks, and, importantly the intended impact of those tasks. We evaluate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Michael Hardy , Yunsung Kim

Estimation of software reliability often poses a considerable challenge, particularly for critical softwares. Several methods of estimation of reliability of software are already available in the literature. But, so far almost nobody used…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Pallabi Ghosh , Ashis Kr. Chakraborty , Soumen Dey

Software defect prediction models can assist software testing initiatives by prioritizing testing error-prone modules. In recent years, in addition to the traditional defect prediction model approach of predicting defects from class,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Susmita Haldar , Luiz Fernando Capretz

Predicting students' academic performance is one of the key tasks of educational data mining (EDM). Traditionally, the high forecasting quality of such models was deemed critical. More recently, the issues of fairness and discrimination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Tai Le Quy , Thi Huyen Nguyen , Gunnar Friege , Eirini Ntoutsi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software engineering workflows, yet current benchmarks provide only coarse performance summaries that obscure the diverse capabilities and limitations of these models. This paper…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Felix Mächtle , Jan-Niclas Serr , Nils Loose , Thomas Eisenbarth

Building defect prediction models based on online learning can enhance prediction accuracy. It continuously rebuilds a new prediction model when adding a new data point. However, predicting a module as "non-defective" (i.e., negative…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Yuta Yamasaki , Nikolay Fedorov , Masateru Tsunoda , Akito Monden , Amjed Tahir , Kwabena Ebo Bennin , Koji Toda , Keitaro Nakasai

This dissertation presents an evaluation of several language models on software defect datasets. A language Model (LM) "can provide word representation and probability indication of word sequences as the core component of an NLP system."…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Kailun Wang

Vulnerability detection is garnering increasing attention in software engineering, since code vulnerabilities possibly pose significant security. Recently, reusing various code pre-trained models has become common for code embedding without…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Yu Zhao , Lina Gong , Zhiqiu Huang , Yongwei Wang , Mingqiang Wei , Fei Wu

The capability of accurately determining code similarity is crucial in many tasks related to software development. For example, it might be essential to identify code duplicates for performing software maintenance. This research introduces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Jorge Martinez-Gil

This paper proposes CES, a task to evaluate the abilities of LLMs in simulating program execution and using that reasoning in programming tasks. Besides measuring the correctness of variable predictions during execution simulation, CES…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Changshu Liu , Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

The task of code generation from natural language (NL2Code) has become extremely popular, especially with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, efforts to quantify and track this progress have suffered due to a lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Atharva Naik

Discrete structures play an important role in applications like program language modeling and software engineering. Current approaches to predicting complex structures typically consider autoregressive models for their tractability, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Hanjun Dai , Rishabh Singh , Bo Dai , Charles Sutton , Dale Schuurmans

Software project development process is requiring accurate software cost and schedule estimation for achieve goal or success. A lot it referred to as the "Intricate brainteaser" because of its conscience attribute which is impact by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-12 Kardile Vilas Vasantrao

Software development effort estimation is one of the most critical aspect in software development process, as the success or failure of the entire project depends on the accuracy of estimations. Researchers are still conducting studies on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Sisay Deresa Sima , Ayalew Belay Habtie