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The adoption of machine learning-based techniques for analog integrated circuit layout, unlike its digital counterpart, has been limited by the stringent requirements imposed by electric and problem-specific constraints, along with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Davide Basso , Luca Bortolussi , Mirjana Videnovic-Misic , Husni Habal

The exponential growth of machine-intelligence workloads is colliding with the power, memory, and interconnect limits of the post-Moore era, motivating compute substrates that scale beyond transistor density alone. Integrated photonics is…

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence, coupled with the slowing of Moore's law, is straining computing infrastructure, as CMOS electronics face inherent limits in bandwidth, energy efficiency, and parallelism. Integrated photonic…

In this work, we identify three considerations that are essential for realizing practical photonic AI systems at scale: (1) dynamic tensor operation support for modern models rather than only weight-static kernels, especially for…

We challenge the current thinking and approach to the design of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for applications in communications, quantum information and sensing. The standard PICs are based on directional couplers, that provide a…

Reconfigurable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) can implement arbitrary operations and signal processing functionalities directly in the optical domain. Run-time configuration of these circuits requires an electronic control layer to…

As AI systems scale to multi-chiplet and wafer-level architectures, the demand for ultra-high bandwidth and system scalability has outpaced the capabilities of electrical interconnects and computing units. Large-scale heterogeneous…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-20 Hongjian Zhou , Haoyu Yang , Haoxing Ren , Joaquin Matres , Jiaqi Gu

Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PPICs) are an emerging technology recently proposed as an alternative to custom-designed application-specific integrated photonics. Light routing is one of the most important functions that need to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Zhengqi Gao , Xiangfeng Chen , Zhengxing Zhang , Chih-Yu Lai , Uttara Chakraborty , Wim Bogaerts , Duane S. Boning

Three-dimensional (3D) photonic integration offers a pathway to overcome the fundamental scaling limitations of planar platforms by enabling enhanced routing flexibility for compact, low-loss, and highly interconnected photonic circuits. In…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-26 Kanhaya Sharma , Adrià Grabulosa , Erik Jung , Daniel Brunner

This paper presents the novel idea of multi-placement structures, for a fast and optimized placement instantiation in analog circuit synthesis. These structures need to be generated only once for a specific circuit topology. When used in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Raoul F. Badaoui , Ranga Vemuri

In modern chip design, placement aims at placing millions of circuit modules, which is an essential step that significantly influences power, performance, and area (PPA) metrics. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Ke Xue , Ruo-Tong Chen , Xi Lin , Yunqi Shi , Shixiong Kai , Siyuan Xu , Chao Qian

In the realm of programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs), precise wire length control is crucial for the performance of on-chip programmable components such as optical ring resonators, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and optical true…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xiaoke Wang , Dirk Stroobandt

Floorplanning is a critical step in VLSI physical design, increasingly complicated by modern constraints such as fixed-outline requirements, whitespace removal, and the presence of pre-placed modules. In addition, the assignment of pins on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zhexuan Xu , Kexin Zhou , Jie Wang , Zijie Geng , Siyuan Xu , Shixiong Kai , Mingxuan Yuan , Feng Wu

Chip placement, a critical step in the VLSI physical design flow, directly impacts performance, power, and routability. Traditional chip placement methods, relying on analytical optimization or sequential reinforcement learning (RL), face…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Kien Le Trung , Truong-Son Hy

For its advantage in GPU acceleration and less dependency on human experts, machine learning has been an emerging tool for solving the placement and routing problems, as two critical steps in modern chip design flow. Being still in its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Ruoyu Cheng , Junchi Yan

Recent advances in photonic inverse design have demonstrated the ability to automatically synthesize compact, high-performance photonic components that surpass conventional, hand-designed structures, offering a promising path toward…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-18 Hongjian Zhou , Haoyu Yang , Nicholas Gangi , Tianle Xu , Rena Huang , Jiaqi Gu

Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) offer transformative potential for computing systems, enabling high-bandwidth neuromorphic processors and facilitating low decoherence quantum computing on a chip scale platform. However, the development…

Programmable integrated photonics has evolved into a potent platform for implementing diverse optical functions on a single chip through software-driven reconfiguration. At the core of these processors are the photonic waveguide meshes that…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-21 Jacek Gosciniak

We present an adaptation of direct collocation -- a trajectory optimization method commonly used in robotics and aerospace applications -- to quantum optimal control (QOC); we refer to this method as Pade Integrator COllocation (PICO). This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-28 Aaron Trowbridge , Aditya Bhardwaj , Kevin He , David I. Schuster , Zachary Manchester