Related papers: The Relationship between Image Dynamic Range and A…
This research sets forth a universal framework to characterize the beamforming gain achievable with arbitrarily nonideal phase shifters. Precisely, the maximum possible shortfall relative to the gain attainable with ideal phase shifters is…
Wireless foundation models are rapidly emerging as a key enabler of AI-native communication systems, yet a fundamental question remains unanswered: how large should these models be? We present a principled, physics-grounded answer, showing…
Investigating physical models with photonic synthetic dimensions has been generating great interest in vast fields of science. The rapid developing thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform, for its numerous advantages including high…
Microwave, submillimetre-wave, and far-infrared phased arrays are of considerable importance for astronomy. We consider the behaviour imaging phased arrays and interferometric phased arrays from a functional perspective. It is shown that…
While world models learn compact representations of complex environments, they lack a physics-grounded metric to assess the structural fidelity of their latent spaces. We identify the wavelet scaling exponent $\alpha$ as a critical…
Some optical measurements require relative timing of intensity variations with accuracy much finer than the camera frame period. One motivating example is dynamic aurora, where different prompt emissions are expected to originate from…
We present the first results from the Fundamental Reference AGN Monitoring Experiment (FRAMEx), an observational campaign dedicated to understanding the physical processes that affect the apparent positions and morphologies of AGNs. In this…
Next generation radio telescope arrays are being designed and commissioned to accurately measure polarized intensity and rotation measures across the entire sky through deep, wide-field radio interferometric surveys. Radio interferometer…
The coupling between far-field wavefront error (WFE) and laser pointing jitter is an important source of tilt-to-length (TTL) noise in spaceborne laser interferometric links. We extend the Nijboer--Zernike analytical model for far-field WFE…
Dielectric permittivity, $\varepsilon_r$, of materials are often limited to a sub-GHz range using normal LCR meters. In the GHz range the $\varepsilon_r$ can be measured using Vector Network Analyzers and measurement jigs (waveguides) which…
Intensity interferometry is a well known method in astronomy. Recently, a related method called incoherent diffractive imaging (IDI) was proposed to apply intensity correlations of x-ray fluorescence radiation to determine the 3D…
In time-domain radio astronomy with arrays, voltages from individual antennas are added together with proper delay and fringe correction to form the beam in real-time. In order to achieve the correct phased addition of antenna voltages one…
Spatial phase-referencing in dual-field optical interferometry is reconsidered. Our analysis is based on the 2-sample variance of the differential phase between target and reference star. We show that averaging over time of the atmospheric…
In a sky-averaged 21-cm signal experiment, the uncertainty on the extracted signal depends mainly on the covariance between the foreground and 21-cm signal models. In this paper, we construct these models using the modes of variation…
Traditional radio interferometric correlators produce regular-gridded samples of the true $uv$-distribution by averaging the signal over constant, discrete time-frequency intervals. This regular sampling and averaging then translate to be…
Tremendous variations coupled with large degrees of freedom in UAV-based imaging conditions lead to a significant lack of data in adequately learning UAV-based perception models. Using various synthetic renderers in conjunction with…
Autonomous aerial robots operating in GPS-denied or communication-degraded environments frequently lose access to camera metadata and telemetry, leaving onboard perception systems unable to recover the absolute metric scale of the scene. As…
Atmospheric dispersion introduces wavelength-dependent effects that significantly impact ground-based observations, particularly in slit- and fibre-fed spectroscopic studies. These effects reduce the signal entering the spectrograph and…
We analyze the problem of quantum-limited estimation of a stochastically varying phase of a continuous beam (rather than a pulse) of the electromagnetic field. We consider both non-adaptive and adaptive measurements, and both dyne detection…
The Naval Research Laboratory and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory completed implementation of a low frequency capability on the VLA at 73.8 MHz in 1998. This frequency band offers unprecedented sensitivity (~25 mJy/beam) and…