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Related papers: Lecture Notes on Algorithmic Information Theory

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An inductive logic can be formulated in which the elements are not propositions or probability distributions, but information systems. The logic is complete for information systems with binary hypotheses, i.e., it applies to all such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-11 Norman C. Dalkey

This is a 1971 dissertation. Only its extended abstract was published at the time. While some results appeared in other publications, a number of details remained unpublished and may still have relevance.

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Leonid A. Levin

Consider a universal Turing machine that produces a partial or total function (or a binary stream), based on the answers to the binary queries that it makes during the computation. We study the probability that the machine will produce a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-04-28 George Barmpalias , Douglas Cenzer , Christopher P. Porter

Taking the view that computation is after all physical, we argue that physics, particularly quantum physics, could help extend the notion of computability. Here, we list the important and unique features of quantum mechanics and then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tien D Kieu

We survey the prospects for an Information Dynamics which can serve as the basis for a fundamental theory of information, incorporating qualitative and structural as well as quantitative aspects. We motivate our discussion with some basic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-12 Samson Abramsky

This article is a short review on the concept of information. We show the strong relation between Information Theory and Physics, and the differences between classical and quantum information, with emphasis in their manipulation through…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 F. L. Marquezino , R. R. Mello Junior

I review some recent advances in foundational research at Pavia QUIT group. The general idea is that there is only Quantum Theory without quantization rules, and the whole Physics---including space-time and relativity--is emergent from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-03 Giacomo Mauro D'Ariano

These are notes for a set of 7 two-hour lectures given at the 2010 Summer School on Quantitative Evolutionary and Comparative Genomics at OIST, Okinawa, Japan. The emphasis is on understanding how biological systems process information. We…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2010-06-23 Gašper Tkačik

The twenty-first century is a data-driven era where human activities and behavior, physical phenomena, scientific discoveries, technology advancements, and almost everything that happens in the world resulting in massive generation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Simon Zhang

Information-theoretic bounded rationality describes utility-optimizing decision-makers whose limited information-processing capabilities are formalized by information constraints. One of the consequences of bounded rationality is that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Heinke Hihn , Sebastian Gottwald , Daniel A. Braun

Classic algorithms and machine learning systems like neural networks are both abundant in everyday life. While classic computer science algorithms are suitable for precise execution of exactly defined tasks such as finding the shortest path…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Felix Petersen

Algorithms of inference in a computer system oriented to input and semantic processing of text information are presented. Such inference is necessary for logical questions when the direct comparison of objects from a question and database…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-02-02 Yuriy Ostapov

Quantum information theory represents a rich subject of discussion for those interested in the philosphical and foundational issues surrounding quantum mechanics for a simple reason: one can cast its central concerns in terms of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christopher G Timpson

The paper gives a soundness and completeness proof for the implicative fragment of intuitionistic calculus with respect to the semantics of computability logic, which understands intuitionistic implication as interactive algorithmic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-04-15 Giorgi Japaridze

This is a review of aspects of the theory of algorithmic information that may contribute to a framework for formulating questions related to complex highly unpredictable systems. We start by contrasting Shannon Entropy and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2017-07-27 Hector Zenil

The approach defines information process from probabilistic observation, emerging microprocess,qubit, encoding bits, evolving macroprocess, and extends to Observer information self-organization, cognition, intelligence and understanding…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2018-04-20 Vladimir S. Lerner

Methods of pattern recognition and machine learning are applied extensively in science, technology, and society. Hence, any advances in related theory may translate into large-scale impact. Here we explore how algorithmic information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Kamaludin Dingle , Pau Batlle , Houman Owhadi

We propose a system of information-theoretic axioms from which we derive the formalism of quantum theory. Part I is devoted to the conceptual foundations of the information-theoretic approach. We argue that this approach belongs to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Alexei Grinbaum

In the same sense as classical logic is a formal theory of truth, the recently initiated approach called computability logic is a formal theory of computability. It understands (interactive) computational problems as games played by a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-04-15 Giorgi Japaridze

Traditional machine learning relies on explicit models and domain assumptions, limiting flexibility and interpretability. We introduce a model-free framework using surprisal (information theoretic uncertainty) to directly analyze and…