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This is one of our series works on discrete energy analysis of the variable-step BDF schemes. In this part, we present stability and convergence analysis of the third-order BDF (BDF3) schemes with variable steps for linear diffusion…
The planning and operation of renewable energy, especially wind power, depend crucially on accurate, timely, and high-resolution weather information. Coarse-grid global numerical weather forecasts are typically downscaled to meet these…
Observations by ISO and Spitzer towards young stellar objects (YSOs) showed that CO$_2$ segregates in the icy mantles covering dust grains. Thermal processing of ice mixture was proposed as responsible for the segregation. Although several…
Despite significant advancements in out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, existing methods still struggle to maintain robustness against adversarial attacks, compromising their reliability in critical real-world applications. Previous…
Hyperpolarized water can be a valuable aid in protein NMR, leading to amide group 1H polarizations that are orders of magnitude larger than their thermal counterparts. Suitable procedures can exploit this to deliver 2D 1H-15N correlations…
This paper explores a variety of strategies for understanding the formation, structure, efficiency and vulnerability of water distribution networks. Water supply systems are studied as spatially organized networks for which the practical…
A new resolvent-based method is developed to predict the space-time properties of the flow field. To overcome the deterioration of the prediction accuracy with the increasing distance between the measurements and predictions in the…
Currently existing energy-stable parametric finite element methods for surface diffusion flow and other flows are usually limited to first-order accuracy in time. Designing a high-order algorithm for geometric flows that can also be…
A laboratory study on the band profiles and band strengths of H2O in CO ice, and vice versa, is presented and interpreted in terms of two models. The results show that a mutual interaction takes place between the two species in the solid,…
Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) provide a powerful framework for modeling dynamic systems arising in a wide range of scientific domains. However, most existing ODE methods focus on a single system, and do not adequately address the…
A model-data inversion is applied to a very large observational dataset collected in the Southern Ocean north of the Ross Sea during late autumn to early winter, producing estimates of the frequency-dependent rate of dissipation by sea ice.…
Accurate modeling of physical and chemical processes in the interstellar medium requires detailed knowledge of how atoms and molecule adsorb on dust grains. However, the sticking coefficient, a number between 0 and 1 that measures the first…
In the coldest (10--20 K) regions of the interstellar medium, the icy surfaces of interstellar grains serve as solid-state supports for chemical reactions. Among their plausible roles, that of third body is advocated, in which the reaction…
N-methylformamide, CH3NHCHO, may be an important molecule for interstellar pre-biotic chemistry because it contains a peptide bond. The rotational spectrum of the most stable trans conformer of CH3NHCHO is complicated by strong…
Interstellar ices are mainly composed of amorphous solid water (ASW) containing small amounts of hypervolatiles, such as O2, whose diffusion-limited reactions play a key role in space chemistry. Although O2 is an important precursor…
This paper presents a distributionally robust planning method for hydrogen-electrical microgrids over islands, where the cross-island energy exchange is supported by a maritime hydrogen transport network. This planning problem is…
Using first-principles calculations, we systematically study the adsorption behavior of a single molecular H$_{2}$O on the Be(0001) surface. We find that the favored molecular adsorption site is the top site with an adsorption energy of…
It is well known that energy dissipation and finite size can deeply affect the dynamics of granular matter, often making usual hydrodynamic approaches problematic. Here we report on the experi-mental investigation of a small model system,…
Network diffusion models are used to study disease transmission, information spread, technology adoption, and other socio-economic processes. We show that estimates of these diffusions are highly non-robust to mismeasurement. First, even…
Several density estimation methods have shown to fail to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) samples by assigning higher likelihoods to anomalous data. Energy-based models (EBMs) are flexible, unnormalized density models which seem to be able…