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Related papers: An Empirical Study of Evaluating Long-form Questio…

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Long-form question answering (LFQA) enables answering a wide range of questions, but its flexibility poses enormous challenges for evaluation. We perform the first targeted study of the evaluation of long-form answers, covering both human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Fangyuan Xu , Yixiao Song , Mohit Iyyer , Eunsol Choi

Long-Form Question Answering (LFQA) involves generating comprehensive, paragraph-level responses to open-ended questions, which poses a significant challenge for evaluation due to the richness of information and flexible response format.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuchen Fan , Chen Lin , Xin Zhong , Shuo Zhang , Heng Zhou , Yuchen Zhang , Mingyu Liang , Chengxing Xie , Ermo Hua , Gang Chen , Zhizhou He , Cheng Huang , Ning Ding , Bowen Zhou

Long-form question answering (LFQA) tasks require retrieving the documents pertinent to a query, using them to form a paragraph-length answer. Despite considerable progress in LFQA modeling, fundamental issues impede its progress: i)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Suchismit Mahapatra , Vladimir Blagojevic , Pablo Bertorello , Prasanna Kumar

Long-form question answering (LFQA) aims to generate a paragraph-length answer for a given question. While current work on LFQA using large pre-trained model for generation are effective at producing fluent and somewhat relevant content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Dan Su , Xiaoguang Li , Jindi Zhang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Pascale Fung

Long-form question answering (LFQA) demands nuanced evaluation of multi-sentence explanatory responses, yet existing metrics often fail to reflect human judgment. We present LFQA-HP-1M, a large-scale dataset comprising 1.3M human pairwise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Rafid Ishrak Jahan , Fahmid Shahriar Iqbal , Sagnik Ray Choudhury

The task of long-form question answering (LFQA) involves retrieving documents relevant to a given question and using them to generate a paragraph-length answer. While many models have recently been proposed for LFQA, we show in this paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Kalpesh Krishna , Aurko Roy , Mohit Iyyer

Long-form question answering (LFQA) poses a challenge as it involves generating detailed answers in the form of paragraphs, which go beyond simple yes/no responses or short factual answers. While existing QA models excel in questions with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Pritom Saha Akash , Kashob Kumar Roy , Lucian Popa , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded remarkably in understanding long-form contents. However, exploring their capability for generating long-form contents, such as reports and articles, has been relatively unexplored and inadequately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Haochen Tan , Zhijiang Guo , Zhan Shi , Lu Xu , Zhili Liu , Yunlong Feng , Xiaoguang Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Linqi Song

In this thesis, we investigated the relevance, faithfulness, and succinctness aspects of Long Form Question Answering (LFQA). LFQA aims to generate an in-depth, paragraph-length answer for a given question, to help bridge the gap between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Dan Su

8 years after the visual question answering (VQA) task was proposed, accuracy remains the primary metric for automatic evaluation. VQA Accuracy has been effective so far in the IID evaluation setting. However, our community is undergoing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Oscar Mañas , Benno Krojer , Aishwarya Agrawal

Ambiguous questions are a challenge for Question Answering models, as they require answers that cover multiple interpretations of the original query. To this end, these models are required to generate long-form answers that often combine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Konstantinos Papakostas , Irene Papadopoulou

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate to long-form questions, producing plausible yet factually incorrect answers. A common mitigation strategy is to provide attribution to LLM outputs. However, existing benchmarks primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yitao Long , Tiansheng Hu , Yilun Zhao , Arman Cohan , Chen Zhao

One of the most widely used tasks for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA). While open-ended question answering tasks are more challenging to evaluate, MCQA tasks are, in principle, easier to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Francesco Maria Molfese , Luca Moroni , Luca Gioffré , Alessandro Scirè , Simone Conia , Roberto Navigli

To evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) for question answering (QA), traditional methods typically focus on assessing single-turn responses to given questions. However, this approach doesn't capture the dynamic nature of human-AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ruosen Li , Ruochen Li , Barry Wang , Xinya Du

Question Answering (QA) on narrative text poses a unique challenge to current systems, requiring a deep understanding of long, complex documents. However, the reliability of NarrativeQA, the most widely used benchmark in this domain, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tommaso Bonomo , Luca Gioffré , Roberto Navigli

An abundance of datasets and availability of reliable evaluation metrics have resulted in strong progress in factoid question answering (QA). This progress, however, does not easily transfer to the task of long-form QA, where the goal is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Ivan Stelmakh , Yi Luan , Bhuwan Dhingra , Ming-Wei Chang

Long-form question answering (LFQA) aims to provide thorough and in-depth answers to complex questions, enhancing comprehension. However, such detailed responses are prone to hallucinations and factual inconsistencies, challenging their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Rachneet Sachdeva , Yixiao Song , Mohit Iyyer , Iryna Gurevych

This study focuses on the evaluation of the Open Question Answering (Open-QA) task, which can directly estimate the factuality of large language models (LLMs). Current automatic evaluation methods have shown limitations, indicating that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Cunxiang Wang , Sirui Cheng , Qipeng Guo , Yuanhao Yue , Bowen Ding , Zhikun Xu , Yidong Wang , Xiangkun Hu , Zheng Zhang , Yue Zhang

There is a lack of benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in long-form medical question answering (QA). Most existing medical QA evaluation benchmarks focus on automatic metrics and multiple-choice questions. While valuable,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Pedram Hosseini , Jessica M. Sin , Bing Ren , Bryceton G. Thomas , Elnaz Nouri , Ali Farahanchi , Saeed Hassanpour

This paper explores the potential of using Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the evaluation of responses in medical Question and Answer (Q\&A) systems, a crucial form of Natural Language Processing. Traditionally, human evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jack Krolik , Herprit Mahal , Feroz Ahmad , Gaurav Trivedi , Bahador Saket
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