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Ising machines are hardware solvers which aim to find the absolute or approximate ground states of the Ising model. The Ising model is of fundamental computational interest because it is possible to formulate any problem in the complexity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-04 Naeimeh Mohseni , Peter L. McMahon , Tim Byrnes

A quantum simulator is a restricted class of quantum computer that controls the interactions between quantum bits in a way that can be mapped to certain difficult quantum many-body problems. As more control is exerted over larger numbers of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 J. Zhang , G. Pagano , P. W. Hess , A. Kyprianidis , P. Becker , H. Kaplan , A. V. Gorshkov , Z. -X. Gong , C. Monroe

Networks of optical oscillators simulating coupled Ising spins have been recently proposed as a heuristic platform to solve hard optimization problems. These networks, called coherent Ising machines (CIMs), exploit the fact that the…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Marcello Calvanese Strinati , Davide Pierangeli , Claudio Conti

Hybrid Quantum-Classical (HQC) Architectures are used in near-term NISQ Quantum Computers for solving Quantum Machine Learning problems. The quantum advantage comes into picture due to the exponential speedup offered over classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Syed Farhan Ahmad , Raghav Rawat , Minal Moharir

Quantum Annealing (QA) was originally intended for accelerating the solution of combinatorial optimization tasks that have natural encodings as Ising models. However, recent experiments on QA hardware platforms have demonstrated that, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-17 Jon Nelson , Marc Vuffray , Andrey Y. Lokhov , Tameem Albash , Carleton Coffrin

We discuss several algorithms for sampling from unnormalized probability distributions in statistical physics, but using the language of statistics and machine learning. We provide a self-contained introduction to some key ideas and…

Computation · Statistics 2025-05-05 Michael F. Faulkner , Samuel Livingstone

Recently, spatial photonic Ising machines (SPIMs) have demonstrated the abilities to compute the Ising Hamiltonian of large-scale spin systems, with the advantages of ultrafast speed and high power efficiency. However, such optical…

Optics · Physics 2024-01-17 Li Luo , Zhiyi Mi , Junyi Huang , Zhichao Ruan

Oscillator-based Ising/Potts machines (OIMs/OPMs) are promising hardware accelerators for NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems using coupled oscillator synchronization dynamics. Analog OIMs/OPMs offer speed advantages but have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yilmaz Ege Gonul , Baris Taskin

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) capture some of the efficiency of biological brains for inference and learning via the dynamic, online, event-driven processing of binary time series. Most existing learning algorithms for SNNs are based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone

The spatial photonic Ising machine (SPIM) [D. Pierangeli et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 213902 (2019)] is a promising optical architecture utilizing spatial light modulation for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-08-09 Hiroshi Yamashita , Ken-ichi Okubo , Suguru Shimomura , Yusuke Ogura , Jun Tanida , Hideyuki Suzuki

Ising machines (IM) have recently been proposed as unconventional hardware-based computation accelerators for solving NP-hard problems. In this work, we present a model for a time-multiplexed IM based on the nonlinear oscillations in a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-06-12 Roman V. Ovcharov , Victor H. González , Artem Litvinenko , Johan Åkerman , Roman S. Khymyn

Ising machines are specialized computers for finding the lowest energy states of Ising spin models, onto which many practical combinatorial optimization problems can be mapped. Simulated bifurcation (SB) is a quantum-inspired parallelizable…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Tomoya Kashimata , Masaya Yamasaki , Ryo Hidaka , Kosuke Tatsumura

A promising paradigm of quantum computing for achieving practical quantum advantages is quantum annealing or quantum approximate optimization algorithm, where the classical problems are encoded in Ising interactions. However, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Yao Lu , Wentao Chen , Shuaining Zhang , Kuan Zhang , Jialiang Zhang , Jing-Ning Zhang , Kihwan Kim

We propose a hybrid variational framework that enhances Neural Quantum States (NQS) with a Normalising Flow-based sampler to improve the expressivity and trainability of quantum many-body wavefunctions. Our approach decouples the sampling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Vishal S. Ngairangbam , Michael Spannowsky , Timur Sypchenko

Variational quantum algorithms exploit the features of superposition and entanglement to optimize a cost function efficiently by manipulating the quantum states. They are suitable for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-29 Yunya Liu , Jiakun Liu , Jordan R. Raney , Pai Wang

The development of physical simulators, called Ising machines, that sample from low energy states of the Ising Hamiltonian has the potential to drastically transform our ability to understand and control complex systems. However, most of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-03-10 Timothee Leleu , Farad Khoyratee , Timothee Levi , Ryan Hamerly , Takashi Kohno , Kazuyuki Aihara

Quantum extreme learning machines (QELMs) leverage untrained quantum dynamics to efficiently process information encoded in input quantum states, avoiding the high computational cost of training more complicated nonlinear models. On the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Marco Vetrano , Gabriele Lo Monaco , Luca Innocenti , Salvatore Lorenzo , G. Massimo Palma

Recent years have seen unprecedented advance in the design and control of quantum computers. Nonetheless, their applicability is still restricted and access remains expensive. Therefore, a substantial amount of quantum algorithms research…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-11 Thomas Grurl , Richard Kueng , Jürgen Fuß , Robert Wille

Quantum or quantum-inspired Ising machines have recently shown promise in solving combinatorial optimization problems in a short time. Real-world applications, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) scheduling for wireless multi-hop…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Yohei Hamakawa , Tomoya Kashimata , Masaya Yamasaki , Kosuke Tatsumura

Nature apparently does a lot of computation constantly. If we can harness some of that computation at an appropriate level, we can potentially perform certain type of computation (much) faster and more efficiently than we can do with a von…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Uday Kumar Reddy Vengalam , Yongchao Liu , Tong Geng , Hui Wu , Michael Huang