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Optimal sample path properties of stochastic processes often involve generalized H\"{o}lder- or variation norms. Following a classical result of Taylor, the exact variation of Brownian motion is measured in terms of $\psi (x) \equiv $…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-11-02 Peter Friz , Harald Oberhauser

This paper develops an It\^o-type fractional pathwise integration theory for fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameters \( H \in (\frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{2}] \), using the Lyons' rough path framework. This approach is designed to fill…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Zhongmin Qian , Xingcheng Xu

We investigate the process of eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix-valued process which upper diagonal entries are independent one-dimensional H\"older continuous Gaussian processes of order gamma in (1/2,1). Using the stochastic calculus with…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-07-29 David Nualart , Victor Pérez-Abreu

We introduce a new interpretation of sparse variational approximations for Gaussian processes using inducing points, which can lead to more scalable algorithms than previous methods. It is based on decomposing a Gaussian process as a sum of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-27 Jiaxin Shi , Michalis K. Titsias , Andriy Mnih

We construct rich vector spaces of continuous functions with prescribed curved or linear pathwise quadratic variations. We also construct a class of functions whose quadratic variation may depend in a local and nonlinear way on the function…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-07-02 Yuliya Mishura , Alexander Schied

Gaussian process is a theoretically appealing model for nonparametric analysis, but its computational cumbersomeness hinders its use in large scale and the existing reduced-rank solutions are usually heuristic. In this work, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-11-25 Leo L. Duan , Xia Wang , Rhonda D. Szczesniak

We prove the Ito-Tanaka formula and the existence of pathwise stochastic integrals for a wide class of Gaussian processes. Motivated by financial applications, we define the stochastic integrals as forward-type pathwise integrals introduced…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-05 Tommi Sottinen , Lauri Viitasaari

For a real c\`adl\`ag path $x$ we define sequence of semi-explicit quantities, which do not depend on any partitions and such that whenever $x$ is a path of a c\`adl\`ag semimartingale then these quantities tend a.s. to the continuous part…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-10 Rafał M. Łochowski

The purpose of this note is to prove the It{\^o}-F\"ollmer formula for the c\`adl\`ag paths possessing quadratic variation in a possibly ``weakest'' sense along some sequence of partitions. By this we mean, for example, that we do not…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-21 W. M. Bednorz , R. M. Łochowski , P. L. Zondi , F. J. Mhlanga , D. Hove

Quantum field theory in curved spacetime may be defined either through a manifestly unitary canonical approach or via the manifestly covariant path integral formalism. For gauge theories, these two approaches have produced conflicting…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-12-17 William Donnelly , Aron C. Wall

We revise the Levy's construction of Brownian motion as a simple though still rigorous approach to operate with various Gaussian processes. A Brownian path is explicitly constructed as a linear combination of wavelet-based "geometrical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-01-03 Denis S. Grebenkov , Dmitry Beliaev , Peter W. Jones

Variational autoencoders often assume isotropic Gaussian priors and mean-field posteriors, hence do not exploit structure in scenarios where we may expect similarity or consistency across latent variables. Gaussian process variational…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-17 Metod Jazbec , Michael Pearce , Vincent Fortuin

This article gives an account on various aspects of stochastic calculus in the plane. Specifically, our aim is 3-fold: (i) Derive a pathwise change of variable formula for a path indexed by a square, satisfying some H\"older regularity…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-09-26 Khalil Chouk , Samy Tindel

In a 2006 article (\cite{A1}), Allouba gave his quadratic covariation differentiation theory for It\^o's integral calculus. He defined the derivative of a semimartingale with respect to a Brownian motion as the time derivative of their…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-07-23 Hassan Allouba , Ramiro Fontes

Permutation invariant Gaussian matrix models were recently developed for applications in computational linguistics. A 5-parameter family of models was solved. In this paper, we use a representation theoretic approach to solve the general…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-30 Sanjaye Ramgoolam

We consider the solution to a stochastic heat equation. This solution is a random function of time and space. For a fixed point in space, the resulting random function of time, $F(t)$, has a nontrivial quartic variation. This process,…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Jason Swanson

We consider the 1-dimensional cubic Szeg\H{o} equation with data distributed according to the Gaussian measure with inverse covariance operator $(1-\partial_x^2)^\frac s2$, where $s>\frac12$. We show that, for $s>1$, this measure is…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-04-24 James Coe , Leonardo Tolomeo

In this work, we establish pathwise functional It\^o formulas for non-smooth functionals of real-valued continuous semimartingales. Under finite $(p,q)$-variation regularity assumptions in the sense of two-dimensional Young integration…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Alberto Ohashi , Evelina Shamarova , Nikolai N. Shamarov

Gaussian process regression is used throughout statistics and machine learning for prediction and uncertainty quantification. A Gaussian process is specified by its mean and covariance functions. Many covariance functions, including…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Toni Karvonen , François Bachoc

We establish a universal approximation theorem for signatures of rough paths that are not necessarily weakly geometric. By extending the path with time and its rough path bracket terms, we prove that linear functionals of the signature of…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Mihriban Ceylan , Anna P. Kwossek , David J. Prömel