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Effective multi-agent collaboration requires agents to infer the rationale behind others' actions, a capability rooted in Theory-of-Mind (ToM). While recent Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at logical inference, their ability to infer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Fangzhou Liang , Tianshi Zheng , Chunkit Chan , Yauwai Yim , Yangqiu Song

An agent facing a planning problem can use answers to how-to questions to reduce uncertainty and fill knowledge gaps, helping it solve both current and future tasks. However, their open ended nature, where valid answers to "How do I X?"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Gautier Dagan , Frank Keller , Alex Lascarides

This paper introduces an open-source simulator, BeliefNest, designed to enable embodied agents to perform collaborative tasks by leveraging Theory of Mind. BeliefNest dynamically and hierarchically constructs simulators within a Minecraft…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Rikunari Sagara , Koichiro Terao , Naoto Iwahashi

In recent developments within the research community, the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in creating fully autonomous agents has garnered significant interest. Despite this, LLM-based agents frequently demonstrate notable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Xueyang Feng , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yujia Qin , Yankai Lin , Xu Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a notable performance ceiling on complex, multi-faceted tasks, as they often fail to integrate diverse information or adhere to multiple constraints. We posit that such limitation arises when the demands…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 HaoYang Shang , Xuan Liu , Zi Liang , Jie Zhang , Haibo Hu , Song Guo

Affective Computing (AC) is essential in bridging the gap between human emotional experiences and machine understanding. Traditionally, AC tasks in natural language processing (NLP) have been approached through pipeline architectures, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wenna Lai , Haoran Xie , Guandong Xu , Qing Li , S. Joe Qin

Leveraging large language models (LLMs), autonomous agents have significantly improved, gaining the ability to handle a variety of tasks. In open-ended settings, optimizing collaboration for efficiency and effectiveness demands flexible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jiaqi Chen , Yuxian Jiang , Jiachen Lu , Li Zhang

Embodied task planning requires agents to execute long-horizon, goal-directed actions in complex 3D environments, where success depends on both immediate perception and accumulated experience across tasks. However, most existing LLM-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiaoyu Ma , Lianyu Hu , Wenbing Tang , Zixuan Hu , Zeqin Liao , Zhizhen Wu , Yang Liu

We investigate the challenge of task planning for multi-task embodied agents in open-world environments. Two main difficulties are identified: 1) executing plans in an open-world environment (e.g., Minecraft) necessitates accurate and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Zihao Wang , Shaofei Cai , Guanzhou Chen , Anji Liu , Xiaojian Ma , Yitao Liang

Multi-agent systems built on large language models (LLMs) are difficult to reason about. Coordination errors such as deadlocks or type-mismatched messages are often hard to detect through testing. We introduce a domain-specific language for…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Benedikt Bollig , Matthias Függer , Thomas Nowak

Multi-agent systems (MAS) extend large language models (LLMs) from independent single-model reasoning to coordinative system-level intelligence. While existing LLM agents depend on text-based mediation for reasoning and communication, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiaru Zou , Xiyuan Yang , Ruizhong Qiu , Gaotang Li , Katherine Tieu , Pan Lu , Ke Shen , Hanghang Tong , Yejin Choi , Jingrui He , James Zou , Mengdi Wang , Ling Yang

Embodied AI Agents are quickly becoming important and common tools in society. These embodied agents should be able to learn about and accomplish a wide range of user goals and preferences efficiently and robustly. Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Rachel Ma , Jingyi Qu , Andreea Bobu , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to power autonomous agents for complex, multi-step tasks. However, human-agent interaction remains pointwise and reactive: users approve or correct individual actions to mitigate immediate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Gaole He , Brian Y. Lim

We present APT, an advanced Large Language Model (LLM)-driven framework that enables autonomous agents to construct complex and creative structures within the Minecraft environment. Unlike previous approaches that primarily concentrate on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jun Yu Chen , Tao Gao

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly coordinate in multi-agent systems, yet we lack an understanding of where and why cooperation failures may arise. In many real-world coordination problems, from knowledge sharing in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Advait Yadav , Sid Black , Oliver Sourbut

LLM agents increasingly rely on memory mechanisms to reuse knowledge from past problem-solving experiences. However, existing methods typically construct memory for a single agent and reuse it with the same underlying model, tightly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yurui Chang , Yiran Wu , Qingyun Wu , Lu Lin

Remarkable progress has been made on automated problem solving through societies of agents based on large language models (LLMs). Existing LLM-based multi-agent systems can already solve simple dialogue tasks. Solutions to more complex…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated the power of reasoning through self-generated chains of thought. Multiple reasoning agents can collaborate to raise joint reasoning quality above individual outcomes.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Chan-Jan Hsu , Davide Buffelli , Jamie McGowan , Feng-Ting Liao , Yi-Chang Chen , Sattar Vakili , Da-shan Shiu

While large language model (LLM) multi-agent systems achieve superior reasoning performance through iterative debate, practical deployment is limited by their high computational cost and error propagation. This paper proposes AgentArk, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yinyi Luo , Yiqiao Jin , Weichen Yu , Mengqi Zhang , Srijan Kumar , Xiaoxiao Li , Weijie Xu , Xin Chen , Jindong Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive general-purpose capabilities but also introduce serious safety risks, particularly the potential for deception as models acquire increased agency and human oversight diminishes. In this work,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Matthew Lyle Olson , Neale Ratzlaff , Musashi Hinck , Tri Nguyen , Vasudev Lal , Joseph Campbell , Simon Stepputtis , Shao-Yen Tseng