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The global reach of social media has amplified the spread of hateful content, including implicit sexism, which is often overlooked by conventional detection methods. In this work, we introduce an Adaptive Supervised Contrastive lEarning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Mohammad Zia Ur Rehman , Aditya Shah , Nagendra Kumar

Memes are an increasingly prevalent element of online discourse in social networks, especially among young audiences. They carry ideas and messages that range from humorous to hateful, and are widely consumed. Their potentially high impact…

Online hate speech is an important issue that breaks the cohesiveness of online social communities and even raises public safety concerns in our societies. Motivated by this rising issue, researchers have developed many traditional machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Tuan-Anh Hoang

Hallucination correction is not a one-direction problem. We show that intermediate layers are neither uniformly more truthful than final layers nor uniformly less trustworthy. Yet hallucination reduction is usually instantiated through one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tej Sanibh Ranade

Effectively leveraging multimodal information from social media posts is essential to various downstream tasks such as sentiment analysis, sarcasm detection or hate speech classification. Jointly modeling text and images is challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Danae Sánchez Villegas , Daniel Preoţiuc-Pietro , Nikolaos Aletras

With the exponential rise in user-generated web content on social media, the proliferation of abusive languages towards an individual or a group across the different sections of the internet is also rapidly increasing. It is very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Prashant Kapil , Asif Ekbal

Memes on the Internet are often harmless and sometimes amusing. However, by using certain types of images, text, or combinations of both, the seemingly harmless meme becomes a multimodal type of hate speech -- a hateful meme. The Hateful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Riza Velioglu , Jewgeni Rose

Internet memes are powerful tools for communication, capable of spreading political, psychological, and sociocultural ideas. However, they can be harmful and can be used to disseminate hate toward targeted individuals or groups. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Felix Breiteneder , Mohammad Belal , Muhammad Saad Saeed , Shahed Masoudian , Usman Naseem , Kulshrestha Juhi , Markus Schedl , Shah Nawaz

Sarcasm in social media, frequently conveyed through the interplay of text and images, presents significant challenges for sentiment analysis and intention mining. Existing multi-modal sarcasm detection approaches have been shown to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Junjie Chen , Hang Yu , Subin Huang , Sanmin Liu , Linfeng Zhang

Memes are one of the most popular types of content used to spread information online. They can influence a large number of people through rhetorical and psychological techniques. The task, Detection of Persuasion Techniques in Texts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Kshitij Gupta , Devansh Gautam , Radhika Mamidi

Hate speech detection is a crucial area of research in natural language processing, essential for ensuring online community safety. However, detecting implicit hate speech, where harmful intent is conveyed in subtle or indirect ways,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yumin Kim , Hwanhee Lee

In recent times, the detection of hate-speech, offensive, or abusive language in online media has become an important topic in NLP research due to the exponential growth of social media and the propagation of such messages, as well as their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Andrei Paraschiv , Mihai Dascalu , Dumitru-Clementin Cercel

Text-embedded images can serve as a means of spreading hate speech, propaganda, and extremist beliefs. Throughout the Russia-Ukraine war, both opposing factions heavily relied on text-embedded images as a vehicle for spreading propaganda…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Umitcan Sahin , Izzet Emre Kucukkaya , Oguzhan Ozcelik , Cagri Toraman

Hate speech has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. Multiple approaches have been developed to detect hate speech using artificial intelligence, but a generalized model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

In the current context where online platforms have been effectively weaponized in a variety of geo-political events and social issues, Internet memes make fair content moderation at scale even more difficult. Existing work on meme…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Abhinav Kumar Thakur , Filip Ilievski , Hông-Ân Sandlin , Zhivar Sourati , Luca Luceri , Riccardo Tommasini , Alain Mermoud

Sarcasm is a linguistic phenomenon indicating a discrepancy between literal meanings and implied intentions. Due to its sophisticated nature, it is usually challenging to be detected from the text itself. As a result, multi-modal sarcasm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Hui Liu , Wenya Wang , Haoliang Li

Humor, deeply rooted in societal meanings and cultural details, poses a unique challenge for machines. While advances have been made in natural language processing, real-world humor often thrives in a multi-modal context, encapsulated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuyan Chen , Songzhou Yan , Zhihong Zhu , Zhixu Li , Yanghua Xiao

A substantial portion of offensive content on social media is directed towards women. Since the approaches for general offensive content detection face a challenge in detecting misogynistic content, it requires solutions tailored to address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Mohammad Zia Ur Rehman , Sufyaan Zahoor , Areeb Manzoor , Musharaf Maqbool , Nagendra Kumar

With growing role of social media in shaping public opinions and beliefs across the world, there has been an increased attention to identify and counter the problem of hate speech on social media. Hate speech on online spaces has serious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Prashanth Vijayaraghavan , Hugo Larochelle , Deb Roy

Online hate speech on social media has become a fast-growing problem in recent times. Nefarious groups have developed large content delivery networks across several main-stream (Twitter and Facebook) and fringe (Gab, 4chan, 8chan, etc.)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Joshua Melton , Arunkumar Bagavathi , Siddharth Krishnan
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