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The Eos cloud, recently discovered in the far ultraviolet via H$_2$ fluorescence, is one of the nearest known dark molecular clouds to the Sun, with a distance spanning from $\sim94-136$pc. However, with a mass…

The recently-discovered Eos molecular cloud, is a CO-dark, low-density cloud located at a distance of approximately 94 pc from the Sun which does not appear to have formed stars at any point in its history. In this paper we investigate the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-05 Janik Karoly , Kate Pattle , Blakesley Burkhart , Thavisha Dharmawardena , B-G Andersson , Thomas J. Haworth

The mass of molecular gas in an interstellar cloud is often measured using line emission from low rotational levels of CO, which are sensitive to the CO mass, and then scaling to the assumed molecular hydrogen H_2 mass. However, a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 Mark G. Wolfire , David Hollenbach , Christopher F. McKee

The abundance of H2 in molecular clouds, relative to the commonly used tracer CO, has only been measured toward a few embedded stars, which may be surrounded by atypical gas. We present observations of near-infrared absorption by H2, CO,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-03-30 John H. Lacy , Christopher Sneden , Hwihyun Kim , Daniel T. Jaffe

We report the discovery of active star formation in Digel's Cloud 2, which is one of the most distant giant molecular clouds known in the extreme outer Galaxy (EOG). At the probable Galactic radius of ~20 kpc, Cloud 2 has a quite different…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Naoto Kobayashi , Chikako Yasui , Alan T. Tokunaga , Masao Saito

The amount of H$_2$ present in spiral galaxies remains uncertain, particularly in the dim outer regions and in low-metallicity environments. We present high-resolution CO(1--0) observations with the Plateau de Bure interferometer of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-04-20 J. Braine , P. Gratier , Y. Contreras , K. F. Schuster , N. Brouillet

We report a discovery of young stellar objects associated with a molecular cloud at the edge of the optical disk of our Galaxy. This cloud is denoted as Cloud 2 in the list by Digel et al. and it is one of the most distant molecular clouds…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Naoto Kobayashi , Alan T. Tokunaga

As a part of the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) survey, we performed a simultaneous 12CO(1-0), 13CO(1-0), C18O(1-0) mapping toward molecular clouds in a region encompassing 3.75 square degrees. We reveal three molecular clouds,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-30 Y. Gong , R. Q. Mao , M. Fang , S. B. Zhang , Y. Su , J. Yang , Z. B. Jiang , Y. Xu , M. Wang , Y. Wang , D. R. Lu , J. X. Sun

The majority of hydrogen in the interstellar medium (ISM) is in atomic form. The transition from atoms to molecules and, in particular, the formation of the H$_2$ molecule, is a key step in cosmic structure formation en route to stars.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-10-31 Pei Zuo , Di Li , J. E. G. Peek , Qiang Chang , Xia Zhang , Nicholas chapman , Paul F. Goldsmith , Zhi-Yu Zhang

Edge Cloud 2 (EC2) is a molecular cloud, about 35 pc in size, with one of the largest galactocentric distances known to exist in the Milky Way. We present observations of a peak CO emission region in the cloud and use these to determine its…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 P. M. E. Ruffle , T. J. Millar , H. Roberts , D. A. Lubowich , C. Henkel , J. M. Pasachoff , G. Brammer , .

We present a large catalogue of molecular clouds with accurate distance estimates in the southern sky. Based on the three-dimensional (3D) dust extinction map and the best-fit extinction and distance information of over 17 million stars…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-02-23 Helong Guo , Bingqiu Chen , Xiaowei Liu

I present a catalog of distances to 63 molecular clouds located within ~2.5 kpc of the Sun. The cloud distances are derived based on utilizing the Gaia DR3 parallaxes of the young stellar objects (YSOs). By identifying AllWISE YSO…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-04-19 Miaomiao Zhang

Using near infrared UKIDSS Galactic Plane Survey data, we make extinction measurements to individual stars along the same line of sight as molecular clouds. Using an existing 3D extinction map of the inner Galaxy, that provides line of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 J. J. Stead , M. G. Hoare

Accurate distances to local molecular clouds are critical for understanding the star and planet formation process, yet distance measurements are often obtained inhomogeneously on a cloud-by-cloud basis. We have recently developed a method…

We present the detection analysis of a diffuse molecular cloud at z$_{abs}$=2.4636 towards the quasar SDSS J1513+0352(z$_{em}\,\simeq$ 2.68) observed with the X-shooter spectrograph(VLT). We measure very high column densities of atomic and…

The R Coronae Australis dark cloud is one of the closest star-forming regions to the Sun. The cloud is known to be very active in star formation, harboring many Herbig-Haro objects (HHs) and Molecular Hydrogen emission-line Objects (MHOs).…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-16 S. Paron , M. Celis Peña , M. E. Ortega , M. Cunningham , P. A. Jones , M. Rubio

We present a large, homogeneous catalogue of molecular clouds within 4 kpc from the Sun at low Galactic latitudes ($|b|$ $<$ 10\degr) with unprecedented accurate distance determinations. Based on the three-dimensional dust reddening map and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-12 B. -Q. Chen , G. -X. Li , H. -B. Yuan , Y. Huang , Z. -J. Tian , H. -F. Wang , H. -W. Zhang , C. Wang , X. -W. Liu

Molecular hydrogen (H$_2$) formation and dissociation are key processes that drive the gas lifecycle in galaxies. Using the SImulating the LifeCycle of Molecular Clouds (SILCC) zoom-in simulation suite, we explore the utility of future…

Distance measurements to molecular clouds are important, but are often made separately for each cloud of interest, employing very different different data and techniques. We present a large, homogeneous catalog of distances to molecular…

We report a CO(3-2) detection of 23 molecular clouds in the extended ultraviolet (XUV) disk of the spiral galaxy M83 with ALMA. The observed 1kpc^2 region is at about 1.24 times the optical radius (R25) of the disk, where CO(2-1) was…

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