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Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful linguistic engines but remain susceptible to hallucinations: plausible-sounding outputs that are factually incorrect or unsupported. In this work, we present a mathematically grounded framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Moses Kiprono

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable performance on many visual-language tasks. However, these models still suffer from multimodal hallucination, which means the generation of objects or content that violates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Fan Yuan , Chi Qin , Xiaogang Xu , Piji Li

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong performance on many multimodal tasks, but object hallucinations severely undermine their reliability. Most existing studies focus on the text modality, attributing hallucinations to overly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jiale Song , Jiaxin Luo , Xue-song Tang , Kuangrong Hao , Mingbo Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong mathematical reasoning capabilities but remain susceptible to hallucinations producing plausible yet incorrect statements especially in theorem proving, symbolic manipulation, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 MingShan Liu , Jialing Fang

Despite their remarkable progress in multimodal understanding tasks, large vision language models (LVLMs) often suffer from "hallucinations", generating texts misaligned with the visual context. Existing methods aimed at reducing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Sreetama Sarkar , Yue Che , Alex Gavin , Peter A. Beerel , Souvik Kundu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capability in assisting disease diagnosis in medical visual question answering (VQA). However, their outputs remain vulnerable to hallucinations (i.e., responses that contradict…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mengyuan Jin , Zehui Liao , Yong Xia

Large Language Models suffer from hallucination, generating plausible yet factually incorrect content. Current mitigation strategies focus on post-generation correction, which is computationally expensive and fails to prevent unreliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Nandakishor M

Instruction tuned Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly advanced in generalizing across a diverse set of multi-modal tasks, especially for Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, generating detailed responses that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Anisha Gunjal , Jihan Yin , Erhan Bas

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) is challenged by hallucinations, critical failure modes where models generate non-factual, nonsensical or unfaithful text. This paper introduces Semantic Divergence Metrics (SDM), a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Igor Halperin

While Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks, they suffer from hallucination problems, where models generate plausible yet incorrect answers given the input image-query pair.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Xiaoye Qu , Mingyang Song , Wei Wei , Jianfeng Dong , Yu Cheng

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance on complex multimodal tasks. However, they continue to suffer from significant hallucination issues, including object, attribute, and relational hallucinations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yudong Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Yiqing Huang , Jiansheng Chen , Zhanhui Kang , Di Wang , Yu Wang

Hallucinations in vision-language models (VLMs) hinder reliability and real-world applicability, usually stemming from distribution shifts between pretraining data and test samples. Existing solutions, such as retraining or fine-tuning on…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Fei Zhao , Chengcui Zhang , Runlin Zhang , Tianyang Wang , Xi Li

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in multimodal tasks, but visual object hallucination remains a persistent issue. It refers to scenarios where models generate inaccurate visual object-related…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Liqiang Jing , Guiming Hardy Chen , Ehsan Aghazadeh , Xin Eric Wang , Xinya Du

Combining multiple Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can enhance multimodal reasoning and robustness, but aggregating heterogeneous models' outputs amplifies uncertainty and increases the risk of hallucinations. We propose SCoOP…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Chung-En Johnny Yu , Brian Jalaian , Nathaniel D. Bastian

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have made substantial progress by integrating pre-trained large language models (LLMs) and vision models through instruction tuning. Despite these advancements, LVLMs often exhibit the hallucination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yiyang Zhou , Zhiyuan Fan , Dongjie Cheng , Sihan Yang , Zhaorun Chen , Chenhang Cui , Xiyao Wang , Yun Li , Linjun Zhang , Huaxiu Yao

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) present a growing challenge across real-world applications, from healthcare to law, where factual reliability is essential. Despite advances in alignment and instruction tuning, LLMs can still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Makoto Sato

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in multimodal understanding, reasoning, and interaction. However, existing MLLMs prevalently suffer from serious hallucination problems, generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Tianyu Yu , Yuan Yao , Haoye Zhang , Taiwen He , Yifeng Han , Ganqu Cui , Jinyi Hu , Zhiyuan Liu , Hai-Tao Zheng , Maosong Sun , Tat-Seng Chua

Large language models (LLMs) are notorious for hallucinating, i.e., producing erroneous claims in their output. Such hallucinations can be dangerous, as occasional factual inaccuracies in the generated text might be obscured by the rest of…

Large language models (LLMs) are empowering decision-making in several applications, including tool or API usage and answering multiple-choice questions (MCQs). However, incorrect outputs pose significant risks in high-stakes domains like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Harit Vishwakarma , Alan Mishler , Thomas Cook , Niccolò Dalmasso , Natraj Raman , Sumitra Ganesh

The emergence of LLMs, like ChatGPT and Gemini, has marked the modern era of artificial intelligence applications characterized by high-impact applications generating text, images, and videos. However, these models usually ensue with one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Abdennour Boulesnane , Abdelhakim Souilah