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Knowledge distillation offers a transformative pathway to developing powerful, yet efficient, small language models (SLMs) suitable for resource-constrained environments. In this paper, we benchmark the performance and computational cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Sachin Gopal Wani , Eric Page , Ajay Dholakia , David Ellison

In this report, we present the third technical report on the development of slow-thinking models as part of the STILL project. As the technical pathway becomes clearer, scaling RL training has become a central technique for implementing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Zhipeng Chen , Yingqian Min , Beichen Zhang , Jie Chen , Jinhao Jiang , Daixuan Cheng , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zheng Liu , Xu Miao , Yang Lu , Lei Fang , Zhongyuan Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant improvements in contextual understanding. However, their ability to attend to truly critical information during long-context reasoning and generation still falls behind the pace.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yiju Guo , Wenkai Yang , Zexu Sun , Ning Ding , Zhiyuan Liu , Yankai Lin

In this paper, we present EasyDistill, a comprehensive toolkit designed for effective black-box and white-box knowledge distillation (KD) of large language models (LLMs). Our framework offers versatile functionalities, including data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Chengyu Wang , Junbing Yan , Wenrui Cai , Yuanhao Yue , Jun Huang

Reasoning-based large language models have excelled in mathematics and programming, yet their potential in knowledge-intensive medical question answering remains underexplored and insufficiently validated in clinical contexts. To bridge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yu Sun , Xingyu Qian , Weiwen Xu , Hao Zhang , Chenghao Xiao , Long Li , Deli Zhao , Wenbing Huang , Tingyang Xu , Qifeng Bai , Yu Rong

People speak at different levels of specificity in different situations. Depending on their knowledge, interlocutors, mood, etc.} A conversational agent should have this ability and know when to be specific and when to be general. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-23 Jiwei Li , Will Monroe , Dan Jurafsky

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in problem-solving. However, their proficiency in solving mathematical problems remains inadequate. We propose MathScale, a simple and scalable method to create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Zhengyang Tang , Xingxing Zhang , Benyou Wang , Furu Wei

Current benchmarks for evaluating the chemical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are limited by oversimplified tasks, lack of process-level evaluation, and misalignment with expert-level chemistry skills. To address…

Machine learning (ML) holds great promise for clinical applications but is often hindered by limited access to high-quality data due to privacy concerns, high costs, and long timelines associated with clinical trials. While large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zerui Xu , Fang Wu , Yingzhou Lu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yue Zhao

The general capabilities of Large Language Models (LLM) highly rely on the composition and selection on extensive pretraining datasets, treated as commercial secrets by several institutions. To mitigate this issue, we open-source the…

Over the past year, the field of Natural Language Generation (NLG) has experienced an exponential surge, largely due to the introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs). These models have exhibited the most effective performance in a range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Lasal Jayawardena , Prasan Yapa

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across numerous NLP tasks but still encounter difficulties in machine translation. Traditional methods to improve translation have typically involved fine-tuning LLMs using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Junhong Wu , Yang Zhao , Yangyifan Xu , Bing Liu , Chengqing Zong

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with browsing tools substantially improves their potential as deep search agents to solve complex, real-world tasks. Yet, open LLMs still perform poorly in such settings due to limited long-horizon…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rui Lu , Zhenyu Hou , Zihan Wang , Hanchen Zhang , Xiao Liu , Yujiang Li , Shi Feng , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

Inductive reasoning is an essential capability for large language models (LLMs) to achieve higher intelligence, which requires the model to generalize rules from observed facts and then apply them to unseen examples. We present MIRAGE, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jiachun Li , Pengfei Cao , Zhuoran Jin , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have recently achieved strong results in text generation. However, their multi-step sampling leads to slow inference, limiting practical use. To address this, we extend Inverse Distillation, a technique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 David Li , Nikita Gushchin , Dmitry Abulkhanov , Eric Moulines , Ivan Oseledets , Maxim Panov , Alexander Korotin

Deep learning techniques have achieved great success in many fields, while at the same time deep learning models are getting more complex and expensive to compute. It severely hinders the wide applications of these models. In order to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Yongqi Li , Wenjie Li

Difficult problems, which often result in long reasoning traces, are widely recognized as key factors for enhancing the performance of reasoning models. However, such high-challenge problems are scarce, limiting the size of available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Si Shen , Fei Huang , Zhixiao Zhao , Chang Liu , Tiansheng Zheng , Danhao Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in understanding long-context inputs. However, benchmarks for evaluating the long-context reasoning abilities of LLMs fall behind the pace. Existing benchmarks often focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zhan Ling , Kang Liu , Kai Yan , Yifan Yang , Weijian Lin , Ting-Han Fan , Lingfeng Shen , Zhengyin Du , Jiecao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable improvements in reasoning and many existing benchmarks have been addressed by models such as o1 and o3 either fully or partially. However, a majority of these benchmarks emphasize deductive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Wenyue Hua , Tyler Wong , Sun Fei , Liangming Pan , Adam Jardine , William Yang Wang
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