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Fine-tuning pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream tasks using First-Order (FO) optimizers presents significant computational challenges. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods address these by freezing most model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Reza Shirkavand , Peiran Yu , Qi He , Heng Huang

Earth observation (EO) missions produce petabytes of multispectral imagery, increasingly analyzed using large Geospatial Foundation Models (GeoFMs). Alongside end-to-end adaptation, workflows make growing use of intermediate representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Luis Gilch , Isabelle Wittmann , Maximilian Nitsche , Johannes Jakubik , Arne Ewald , Thomas Brunschwiler

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a widely adopted strategy for adapting pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, significantly reducing memory and computational costs. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xinyi Wang , Lirong Gao , Haobo Wang , Yiming Zhang , Junbo Zhao

State Space Models (SSMs) have emerged as efficient alternatives to Transformers, mitigating their quadratic computational cost. However, the application of Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods to SSMs remains largely unexplored.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Wonjun Kang , Kevin Galim , Yuchen Zeng , Minjae Lee , Hyung Il Koo , Nam Ik Cho

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA, enable scalable adaptation of foundation models by injecting low-rank adapters. However, their communication and storage costs remain a major bottleneck in resource-constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Seyed Mahmoud Sajjadi Mohammadabadi , Xiaolong Ma , Lei Yang , Feng Yan , Junshan Zhang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) enables efficient adaptation of pre-trained language models (PLMs) to specific tasks. By tuning only a minimal set of (extra) parameters, PEFT achieves performance that is comparable to standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Lauren Hong , Ting Wang

Foundation models encode rich representations that can be adapted to downstream tasks by fine-tuning. However, fine-tuning a model on one data distribution often degrades performance under distribution shifts. Current approaches to robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Caroline Choi , Yoonho Lee , Annie Chen , Allan Zhou , Aditi Raghunathan , Chelsea Finn

Due to their substantial sizes, large language models (LLMs) are typically deployed within a single-backbone multi-tenant framework. In this setup, a single instance of an LLM backbone must cater to multiple users or tasks through the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Tianfang Xie , Tianjing Li , Wei Zhu , Wei Han , Yi Zhao

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods are widely used to adapt large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks and are often assumed to improve factual correctness. However, how the parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods affect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xu Hu , Yifan Zhang , Songtao Wei , Chen Zhao , Qiannan Li , Bingzhe Li , Feng Chen

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods are crucial for adapting large pre-trained models. Among these, LoRA is considered a foundational approach. Building on this, the influential DoRA method enhances performance by decomposing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Da Chang , Peng Xue , Yu Li , Yongxiang Liu , Pengxiang Xu , Shixun Zhang

Adapting models pre-trained on large-scale datasets is a proven way to reach strong performance quickly for down-stream tasks. However, the growth of state-of-the-art mod-els makes traditional full fine-tuning unsuitable and difficult,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Maxime Fontana , Michael Spratling , Miaojing Shi

Pretrained foundation models learn embeddings that can be used for a wide range of downstream tasks. These embeddings optimise general performance, and if insufficiently accurate at a specific task the model can be fine-tuned to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Matthew P. Wilson , Edward O. Pyzer-Knapp , Nicolas Galichet , Luke Dicks

A common strategy for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained Vision Transformers (ViTs) involves adapting the model to downstream tasks by learning a low-rank adaptation matrix. This matrix is decomposed into a product of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Wei Dong , Yuan Sun , Yiting Yang , Xing Zhang , Zhijun Lin , Qingsen Yan , Haokui Zhang , Peng Wang , Yang Yang , Hengtao Shen

As large-scale heterogeneous data sets become increasingly available, adapting foundation models at low cost has become a key issue. Seminal works in natural language processing, e.g. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), leverage the low "intrinsic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Romain Thoreau , Valerio Marsocci , Dawa Derksen

Fine-tuning large language models (LLM) can be costly. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) addresses the problems by training a fraction of the parameters, whose success reveals the expressiveness and flexibility of pretrained models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jing Xu , Jingzhao Zhang

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have ignited a surge in demand for effective fine-tuning techniques, particularly in low-resource domains and languages. Active learning (AL), a set of algorithms designed to decrease labeling costs by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Josip Jukić , Jan Šnajder

The entry of large language models (LLMs) into research and commercial spaces has led to a trend of ever-larger models, with initial promises of generalisability, followed by a widespread desire to downsize and create specialised models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Niall Taylor , Upamanyu Ghose , Omid Rohanian , Mohammadmahdi Nouriborji , Andrey Kormilitzin , David Clifton , Alejo Nevado-Holgado

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) provides a scalable alternative to full-model adaptation by updating only a small subset of parameters in large pre-trained models. We introduce GRASP - GRouped Activation Shared Parameterization - a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Malyaban Bal , Abhronil Sengupta

In the realm of Medical Visual Language Models (Med-VLMs), the quest for universal efficient fine-tuning mechanisms remains paramount, especially given researchers in interdisciplinary fields are often extremely short of training resources,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Jiawei Chen , Dingkang Yang , Yue Jiang , Mingcheng Li , Jinjie Wei , Xiaolu Hou , Lihua Zhang

Adapters have been positioned as a parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approach, whereby a minimal number of parameters are added to the model and fine-tuned. However, adapters have not been sufficiently analyzed to understand if PEFT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Nandini Mundra , Sumanth Doddapaneni , Raj Dabre , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Ratish Puduppully , Mitesh M. Khapra