Related papers: Commuting degree for BCK-algebras

The commuting probability of a finite group $G$ is the probability that two randomly chosen elements commute. Let $S\subseteq(0,1]$ denote the set of all possible commuting probabilities of finite groups. We prove that $S\cup\{0\}$ is…

We show that for every $k$, the probability that a randomly selected vertex of a random binary search tree on $n$ nodes is at distance $k-1$ from the closest leaf converges to a rational constant $c_k$ as $n$ goes to infinity.

The line of investigation of the present paper goes back to a classical work of W. H. Gustafson of the 1973, in which it is described the probability that two randomly chosen group elements commute. In the same work, he gave some bounds for…

We show that the set of all commuting probabilities in finite rings is a subset of the set of all commuting probabilities in finite nilpotent groups of class $\le2$. We believe that these two sets are equal; we prove they are equal, when…

Let cp(R) be the probability that two random elements of a finite ring R commute and zp(R) the probability that the product of two random elements in R is zero. We show that if cp(R)=e, then there exists a Lie-ideal D in the Lie-ring…

For a finite group $G$, let $d(G)$ denote the probability that a randomly chosen pair of elements of $G$ commute. We prove that if $d(G)>1/s$ for some integer $s>1$ and $G$ splits over an abelian normal nontrivial subgroup $N$, then $G$ has…

For subsets X,Y of a finite group G, we write Pr(X,Y) for the probability that two random elements x in X and y in Y commute. This paper addresses the relation between the structure of an approximate subgroup A of G and the probabilities…

We show that for a finite group $G$, the commuting probability of $G$ can be explicitly bounded from below in a nontrivial way by a function in the maximum fraction of elements inverted resp. squared by an automorphism of $G$. Using these…

Let $G$ be a finite group, let $\pi$ be a set of primes and let $p$ be the smallest prime in $\pi$. In this work, we prove that $G$ possesses a normal and abelian Hall $\pi$-subgroup if and only if the probability that two random…

The degree of commutativity of a group $G$ measures the probability of choosing two elements in $G$ which commute. There are many results studying this for finite groups. In [AMV17], this was generalised to infinite groups. In this note, we…

Given two subgroups $H,K$ of a finite group $G$, the probability that a pair of random elements from $H$ and $K$ commutes is denoted by $Pr(H,K)$. Suppose that a finite group $G$ admits a group of coprime automorphisms $A$ and let…

We show that a compact group $G$ has finite conjugacy classes, i.e., is an FC-group if and only if its center $Z(G)$ is open if and only if its commutator subgroup $G'$ is finite. Let $d(G)$ denote the Haar measure of the set of all pairs…

The trajectories of a rational motion given by a polynomial of degree n in the dual quaternion model of rigid body displacements are generically of degree 2n. In this article we study those exceptional motions whose trajectory degree is…

Let $R$ be a finite ring and $r \in R$. The aim of this paper is to study the probability that the commutator of a randomly chosen pair of elements of $R$ equals $r$.

Double semigroups have two associative operations $\circ, \bullet$ related by the interchange relation: $( a \bullet b ) \circ ( c \bullet d ) \equiv ( a \circ c ) \bullet ( b \circ d )$. Kock \cite{Kock2007} (2007) discovered a…

We consider commuting squares of finite dimensional von Neumann algebras having the algebra of complex numbers in the lower left corner. Examples include the vertex models, the spin models (in the sense of subfactor theory) and the…

We prove that for any fixed $k$, the probability that a random vertex of a random increasing plane tree is of rank $k$, that is, the probability that a random vertex is at distance $k$ from the leaves, converges to a constant $c_k$ as the…

The transitivity degree of a group $G$ is the supremum of all integers $k$ such that $G$ admits a faithful $k$-transitive action. Few obstructions are known to impose an upper bound on the transitivity degree for infinite groups. The…

We study the probability of a given element, in the commutator subgroup of a group, to be equal to a commutator of two randomly chosen group elements, and compute explicit formulas for calculating this probability for some interesting…

Let $\mathcal{R}$ be a $2$-torsion free commutative ring with unity, $X$ a locally finite pre-ordered set and $I(X,\mathcal{R})$ the incidence algebra of $X$ over $\mathcal{R}$. If $X$ consists of a finite number of connected components, in…