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Over the last decade, long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) including the subclass of X-ray flashes (XRFs) have been revealed to be a rare variety of Type Ibc supernova (SN). While all these events result from the death of massive stars,…

We present multi-wavelength study of the $\gamma$/X-ray transient EP250416a (also designated GRB 250416C), triggered by the Einstein Probe (EP) Wide-field X-ray Telescope and also by SVOM and Konus-Wind. Observations spanning the gamma-ray,…

The connection between compact object mergers and some extragalactic fast X-ray transients (FXRTs) has long been hypothesized, but never ultimately established. In this work, we investigate two FXRTs, the LEIA X-ray Transient LXT 240402A…

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been often considered as the natural evolution of some core-collapse supernovae (SNe). While GRBs with relativistic jets emit an electromagnetic signal, GRBs with mildly relativistic jets are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-03-23 Irene Tamborra , Shin'ichiro Ando

The recently discovered gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 060218/SN 2006aj is classified as an X-ray Flash with very long duration driven possibly by a neutron star. Since GRB 060218 is very near about 140 Mpc and very dim, one-year observation by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-06 Kohta Murase , Kunihito Ioka , Shigehiro Nagataki , Takashi Nakamura

We present the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient, EP241021a, by the Einstein Probe (EP) mission, and the results from multiwavelength follow-up observations. The transient was first detected with the Wide-field X-ray Telescope as an…

The discovery of X-ray, optical and radio afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and the measurements of the distances to some of them have established that these events come from Gpc distances and are the most powerful photon emitters known…

The nature of the minute-to-hour long Fast X-ray Transients (FXTs) localised by telescopes such as Chandra, Swift, and XMM-Newton remains mysterious, with numerous models suggested for the events. Here, we report multi-wavelength…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-26 Andrew J. Levan , Peter G. Jonker , Andrea Saccardi , Daniele Bjørn Malesani , Nial R. Tanvir , Luca Izzo , Kasper E. Heintz , Daniel Mata Sánchez , Jonathan Quirola-Vásquez , Manuel A. P. Torres , Susanna D. Vergani , Steve Schulze , Andrea Rossi , Paolo D'Avanzo , Benjamin Gompertz , Antonio Martin-Carrillo , Antonio de Ugarte Postigo , Benjamin Schneider , Weimin Yuan , Zhixing Ling , Wenjie Zhang , Xuan Mao , Yuan Liu , Hui Sun , Dong Xu , Zipei Zhu , José Feliciano Agüí Fernández , Lorenzo Amati , Franz E. Bauer , Sergio Campana , Francesco Carotenuto , Ashley Chrimes , Joyce N. D. van Dalen , Valerio D'Elia , Massimo Della Valle , Massimiliano De Pasquale , Vikram S. Dhillon , Lluís Galbany , Nicola Gaspari , Giulia Gianfagna , Andreja Gomboc , Nusrin Habeeb , Agnes P. C. van Hoof , Youdong Hu , Pall Jakobsson , Yashaswi Julakanti , Judith Korth , Chryssa Kouveliotou , Tanmoy Laskar , Stuart P. Littlefair , Elisabetta Maiorano , Jirong Mao , Andrea Melandri , M. Coleman Miller , Tamal Mukherjee , Samantha R. Oates , Paul O'Brien , Jesse T. Palmerio , Hannu Parviainen , Daniëlle L. A. Pieterse , Silvia Piranomonte , Luigi Piro , Giovanna Pugliese , Maria E. Ravasio , Ben Rayson , Ruben Salvaterra , Rubén Sánchez-Ramírez , Nikhil Sarin , Samuel P. R. Shilling , Rhaana L. C. Starling , Gianpiero Tagliaferri , Aishwarya Linesh Thakur , Christina C. Thöne , Klaas Wiersema , Isabelle Worssam , Tayyaba Zafar

We present a multi-wavelength analysis of the fast X-ray transient EP 241021a, discovered by the Wide-field X-ray Telescope aboard the \emph{Einstein Probe} satellite on 2024 October 21. The event was not detected in gamma-rays. Follow-up…

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient, EP240408a, by Einstein Probe (EP) and follow-up studies made with EP, Swift, NICER, GROND, ATCA and other ground-based multi-wavelength telescopes. The new transient was first detected…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-30 Wenda Zhang , Weimin Yuan , Zhixing Ling , Yong Chen , Nanda Rea , Arne Rau , Zhiming Cai , Huaqing Cheng , Francesco Coti Zelati , Lixin Dai , Jingwei Hu , Shumei Jia , Chichuan Jin , Dongyue Li , Paul O'Brien , Rongfeng Shen , Xinwen Shu , Shengli Sun , Xiaojin Sun , Xiaofeng Wang , Lei Yang , Bing Zhang , Chen Zhang , Shuang-Nan Zhang , Yonghe Zhang , Jie An , David Buckley , Alexis Coleiro , Bertrand Cordier , Liming Dou , Rob Eyles-Ferris , Zhou Fan , Hua Feng , Shaoyu Fu , Johan P. U. Fynbo , Lluis Galbany , Saurabh W. Jha , Shuaiqing Jiang , Albert Kong , Erik Kuulkers , Weihua Lei , Wenxiong Li , Bifang Liu , Mingjun Liu , Xing Liu , Yuan Liu , Zhu Liu , Chandreyee Maitra , Alessio Marino , Itumeleng Monageng , Kirpal Nandra , Jeremy Sanders , Roberto Soria , Lian Tao , Junfeng Wang , Song Wang , Tinggui Wang , Zhongxiang Wang , Qingwen Wu , Xuefeng Wu , Dong Xu , Yanjun Xu , Suijian Xue , Yongquan Xue , Zijian Zhang , Zipei Zhu , Hu Zou , Congying Bao , Fansheng Chen , Houlei Chen , Tianxiang Chen , Wei Chen , Yehai Chen , Yifan Chen , Chenzhou Cui , Weiwei Cui , Yanfeng Dai , Dongwei Fan , Ju Guan , Dawei Han , Dongjie Hou , Haibo Hu , Maohai Huang , Jia Huo , Zhenqing Jia , Bowen Jiang , Ge Jin , Chengkui Li , Junfei Li , Longhui Li , Maoshun Li , Wei Li , Zhengda Li , Tianying Lian , Congzhan Liu , Heyang Liu , Huaqiu Liu , Fangjun Lu , Laidan Luo , Jia Ma , Xuan Mao , Haiwu Pan , Xin Pan , Liming Song , Hui Sun , Yunyin Tan , Qingjun Tang , Yihan Tao , Hao Wang , Juan Wang , Lei Wang , Wenxin Wang , Yilong Wang , Yusa Wang , Qinyu Wu , Haitao Xu , Jingjing Xu , Xinpeng Xu , Yunfei Xu , Zhao Xu , Changbin Xue , Yulong Xue , Ailiang Yan , Haonan Yang , Xiongtao Yang , Yanji Yang , Juan Zhang , Mo Zhang , Wenjie Zhang , Zhen Zhang , Zhen Zhang , Ziliang Zhang , Donghua Zhao , Haisheng Zhao , Xiaofan Zhao , Zijian Zhao , Hongyan Zhou , Yilin Zhou , Yuxuan Zhu , Zhencai Zhu

Fast X-ray Transients (FXTs) are extragalactic bursts of soft X-rays first identified >10 years ago. Since then, nearly 40 events have been discovered, although almost all of these have been recovered from archival Chandra and XMM-Newton…

Relativistic shocks that accompany supernovae (SNe) produce X-ray burst emissions as they break out in the dense circumstellar medium around the progenitors. This phenomenon is sometimes associated with peculiar low-luminosity gamma-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-10-15 Kazumi Kashiyama , Kohta Murase , Shunsaku Horiuchi , Shan Gao , Peter Mészáros

On May 27 2024, the Wide-field X-ray Telescope onboard the Einstein Probe (EP) mission detected enhanced X-ray emission from a new transient source in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) during its commissioning phase. Prompt follow-up with…

The origin of extragalactic fast X-ray transients (EFXTs) remains a fundamental open question in high-energy astrophysics. The Einstein Probe (EP) mission provides a transformative opportunity to investigate their nature. While mounting…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-18 Qin-Mei Li , Qi-Bin Sun , Sheng-Bang Qian , Fu-Xing Li

The recent Einstein Probe (EP) event EP240414a exhibits several unusual observational features. Its prompt and afterglow emissions place it between long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) and low-luminosity GRBs (LLGRBs). The event is followed by a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-27 Hamid Hamidani , Yuri Sato , Kazumi Kashiyama , Masaomi Tanaka , Kunihito Ioka , Shigeo S. Kimura

X-ray Flashes (XRFs) are, like Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), thought to signal the collapse of massive stars in distant galaxies. Many models posit that the isotropic equivalent energies of XRFs are lower than those for GRBs, such that they are…

We plan to fit the complete gamma- and X-ray light curves of the long duration GRB060218, including the prompt emission, in order to clarify the nature of the progenitors and the astrophysical scenario of the class of GRBs associated to SNe…

We build a comprehensive sample to statistically describe the properties of X-ray flashes (XRFs) and X-ray riches (XRRs) from the latest third Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT3) catalog of Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We obtain 81 XRFs, 540…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-24 Xiongwei Bi , Jirong Mao , Chuanxi Liu , Jin-Ming Bai