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Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies in open wave systems with coalescence of at least two energy levels and their corresponding eigenstates. In higher dimensions, more complex EP physics not found in two-state systems is observed. We…

One of the most remarkable features that distinguish open systems from closed ones is the presence of exceptional points (EPs), where two or more eigenvectors of a non-Hermitian operator coalesce, accompanying the convergence of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Hao-Long Zhang , Pei-Rong Han , Fan Wu , Wen Ning , Zhen-Biao Yang , Shi-Biao Zheng

Exceptional points (EPs) are distinct characteristics of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that have no counterparts in Hermitian systems. In this study, we focus on EPs in continuous systems rather than discrete non-Hermitian systems, which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Y. T. Wang , R. Wang , X. Z. Zhang

The realization of a genuine phase transition in quantum mechanics requires that at least one of the Kato's exceptional-point parameters becomes real. A new family of finite-dimensional and time-parametrized quantum-lattice models with such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-06 Denis I. Borisov , Frantisek Ruzicka , Miloslav Znojil

Exceptional points are degeneracies in non-Hermitian systems. A two-state system with parity-time (PT) symmetry usually has only one exceptional point beyond which the eigenmodes are PT-symmetry broken. The so-called symmetry recovery,…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-09-26 Xu-Lin Zhang , Shubo Wang , Wen-Jie Chen , Bo Hou , C. T. Chan

The genesis of lasing, as an evolution of the laser hybrid eigenstates comprised of electromagnetic modes and atomic polarization, is considered. It is shown that the start of coherent generation at the laser threshold is preceded by the…

Exceptional points featuring enhanced energy response to perturbation hold significant potential in detection and measurement of weak signals. Of particular interest is the existence and property of high-order exceptional points in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Tingting Shi , Vasilii Smirnov , Kaiye Shi , Wei Zhang

Quantum phase transitions in certain non-Hermitian systems controlled by non-tridiagonal Hamiltonian matrices are found anomalous. In contrast to the known models with tridiagonal-matrix structure in which the geometric multiplicity of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-08 Miloslav Znojil , Denis I. Borisov

We study impact of quantum phase transitions (QPTs) on the distribution of exceptional points (EPs) of the Hamiltonian in complex-extended parameter domain. Analyzing first- and second-order QPTs in the Lipkin model, we find an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-17 Pavel Stránský , Martin Dvořák , Pavel Cejnar

The Lindblad equation for a two-level system under an electric field is analyzed by mapping to a linear equation with a non-Hermitian matrix. Exceptional points of the matrix are found to be extensive; the second-order ones are located on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-19 Naomichi Hatano

Exceptional points are a ubiquitous concept widely present in driven-dissipative coupled systems described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. It is characterized by the degeneracy of the Hamiltonian's eigenvalues and coalescence of…

Despite recent extensive studies of the non-Hermitian topology, understanding interaction effects is left as a crucial question. In this paper, we address interaction effects on exceptional points which are protected by the non-trivial…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-02-16 Tsuneya Yoshida , Yasuhiro Hatsugai

Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with complex eigenenergies are useful tools for describing the dynamics of open quantum systems. In particular, parity and time (PT) symmetric Hamiltonians have generated interest due to the emergence of…

Exceptional points are complex branching singularities of non-Hermitian bands that have lately attracted considerable interest, particularly in non-Hermitian photonics. In this article, we review some recent developments in non-Hermitian…

Optics · Physics 2023-10-31 Haiyu Meng , Yee Sin Ang , Ching Hua Lee

We consider a generalization of the non-Hermitian ${\mathcal PT}$ symmetric Jaynes-Cummings {Hamiltonian, recently introduced for studying optical phenomena with time-dependent physical parameters, that includes environment-induced decay}.…

Non-Hermitian systems and their topological singularities, such as exceptional points (EPs), lines, and surfaces, have recently attracted intense interest. The investigation of these exceptional constituents has led to fruitful…

Optics · Physics 2024-08-08 Liang Fang , Kai Bai , Cheng Guo , Tian-Rui Liu , Jia-Zheng Li , Meng Xiao

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracy of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, at which the eigenvalues, along with their eigenvectors, coalesce. Their orders are given by the Jordan decomposition. Here, we focus on higher-order EPs arising in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Kang Yang , Ipsita Mandal

Exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems have recently attracted wide interests and spawned intriguing prospects for enhanced sensing. However, EPs have not yet been realized in thermal atomic ensembles, which is one of the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Chao Liang , Yuanjiang Tang , An-Ning Xu , Yong-Chun Liu

Parity-time (PT) symmetric systems have two distinguished phases, e.g., one with real energy eigenvalues and the other with complex conjugate eigenvalues. To enter one phase from the other, it is believed that the system must pass through…

Optics · Physics 2016-07-27 Li Ge

We suggest to employ the dissipative nature of open quantum systems for the purpose of parameter estimation: The dynamics of open quantum systems is typically described by a quantum dynamical semigroup generator ${\cal L}$. The eigenvalues…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-11 Morag Am-Shallem , Ronnie Kosloff , Nimrod Moiseyev