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Large Language Models(LLMs)have become effective tools for natural language processing and have been used in many different fields. This essay offers a succinct summary of various LLM subcategories. The survey emphasizes recent developments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Saurabh Pahune , Manoj Chandrasekharan

In the U.S. judicial system, a widespread approach to legal interpretation entails assessing how a legal text would be understood by an `ordinary' speaker of the language. Recent scholarship has proposed that legal practitioners leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Abhishek Purushothama , Junghyun Min , Brandon Waldon , Nathan Schneider

Large Language Models (LLMs), originally developed for natural language processing (NLP), have demonstrated the potential to generalize across modalities and domains. With their in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, LLMs can perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Nikolaos Pavlidis , Vasilis Perifanis , Symeon Symeonidis , Pavlos S. Efraimidis

We investigate whether large language models (LLMs) can successfully perform financial statement analysis in a way similar to a professional human analyst. We provide standardized and anonymous financial statements to GPT4 and instruct the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-02-24 Alex Kim , Maximilian Muhn , Valeri Nikolaev

While a large body of literature suggests that large language models (LLMs) acquire rich linguistic representations, little is known about whether they adapt to linguistic biases in a human-like way. The present study probes this question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Suet-Ying Lam , Qingcheng Zeng , Kexun Zhang , Chenyu You , Rob Voigt

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in translation among other things, demonstrating competitive performance for many language pairs in zero- and few-shot settings. But unlike dedicated neural machine translation models, LLMs are not trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yuri Balashov

Large language models (LLMs) have multilingual capabilities and can solve tasks across various languages. However, we show that current LLMs make key decisions in a representation space closest to English, regardless of their input and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Lisa Schut , Yarin Gal , Sebastian Farquhar

Large language models are powerful systems that excel at many tasks, ranging from translation to mathematical reasoning. Yet, at the same time, these models often show unhuman-like characteristics. In the present paper, we address this gap…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Marcel Binz , Eric Schulz

Honesty is a fundamental principle for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, requiring these models to recognize what they know and don't know and be able to faithfully express their knowledge. Despite promising, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Siheng Li , Cheng Yang , Taiqiang Wu , Chufan Shi , Yuji Zhang , Xinyu Zhu , Zesen Cheng , Deng Cai , Mo Yu , Lemao Liu , Jie Zhou , Yujiu Yang , Ngai Wong , Xixin Wu , Wai Lam

Large-scale pretrained language models (LMs) are said to ``lack the ability to connect utterances to the world'' (Bender and Koller, 2020), because they do not have ``mental models of the world' '(Mitchell and Krakauer, 2023). If so, one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Jiaang Li , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Constanza Fierro , Anders Søgaard

Whether in agentic workflows, social studies, or chat settings, large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being asked to replace humans in choosing which goals to pursue, rather than completing predefined tasks. However, the assumption…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Gaia Molinaro , Dave August , Danielle Perszyk , Anne G. E. Collins

Prior work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can predict human attitudes based on other attitudes, but this work has largely focused on predictions from highly similar and interrelated attitudes. In contrast, human attitudes are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Ana Ma , Derek Powell

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming very popular and are used for many different purposes, including creative tasks in the arts. However, these models sometimes have trouble with specific reasoning tasks, especially those that involve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Anna Kruspe

With the development of large language models (LLMs) like the GPT series, their widespread use across various application scenarios presents a myriad of challenges. This review initially explores the issue of domain specificity, where LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Xiaoliang Chen , Liangbin Li , Le Chang , Yunhe Huang , Yuxuan Zhao , Yuxiao Zhang , Dinuo Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) play a crucial role in capturing structured semantics to enhance language understanding, improve interpretability, and reduce bias. Nevertheless, an ongoing controversy exists over the extent to which LLMs can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Ning Cheng , Zhaohui Yan , Ziming Wang , Zhijie Li , Jiaming Yu , Zilong Zheng , Kewei Tu , Jinan Xu , Wenjuan Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been widely used for code generation. Due to the complexity and opacity of LLMs, little is known about how these models generate code. We made the first attempt to bridge this knowledge gap by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Bonan Kou , Shengmai Chen , Zhijie Wang , Lei Ma , Tianyi Zhang

Automatic evaluation is an integral aspect of dialogue system research. The traditional reference-based NLG metrics are generally found to be unsuitable for dialogue assessment. Consequently, recent studies have suggested various unique,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Yiming Chen , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as highly capable systems and are increasingly being integrated into various uses. However, the rapid pace of their deployment has outpaced a comprehensive understanding of their internal mechanisms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Gabriele Prato , Jerry Huang , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Shagun Sodhani , Sarath Chandar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have drawn a lot of attention due to their strong performance on a wide range of natural language tasks, since the release of ChatGPT in November 2022. LLMs' ability of general-purpose language understanding and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shervin Minaee , Tomas Mikolov , Narjes Nikzad , Meysam Chenaghlu , Richard Socher , Xavier Amatriain , Jianfeng Gao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in human-centered social scientific tasks, such as data annotation, synthetic data creation, and engaging in dialog. However, these tasks are highly subjective and dependent on human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Salvatore Giorgi , Tingting Liu , Ankit Aich , Kelsey Isman , Garrick Sherman , Zachary Fried , João Sedoc , Lyle H. Ungar , Brenda Curtis