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The performance of a reinforcement learning algorithm can vary drastically during learning because of exploration. Existing algorithms provide little information about the quality of their current policy before executing it, and thus have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Christoph Dann , Lihong Li , Wei Wei , Emma Brunskill

The increasing adoption of Reinforcement Learning in safety-critical systems domains such as autonomous vehicles, health, and aviation raises the need for ensuring their safety. Existing safety mechanisms such as adversarial training,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Paulina Stevia Nouwou Mindom , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh , John Mullins

Rewards and punishments in different forms are pervasive and present in a wide variety of decision-making scenarios. By observing the outcome of a sufficient number of repeated trials, one would gradually learn the value and usefulness of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Nikki Lijing Kuang , Clement H. C. Leung

A reinforcement learning (RL) control policy could fail in a new/perturbed environment that is different from the training environment, due to the presence of dynamic variations. For controlling systems with continuous state and action…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Y. Cheng , P. Zhao , F. Wang , D. J. Block , N. Hovakimyan

Offline reinforcement learning provides a viable approach to obtain advanced control strategies for dynamical systems, in particular when direct interaction with the environment is not available. In this paper, we introduce a conceptual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Marc Weber , Phillip Swazinna , Daniel Hein , Steffen Udluft , Volkmar Sterzing

Safety assurance is a fundamental requirement for deploying learning-enabled autonomous systems. Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability analysis is a fundamental method for formally verifying safety and generating safe controllers. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Ihab Tabbara , Yuxuan Yang , Hussein Sibai

We study the problem of learning safe control policies that are also effective; i.e., maximizing the probability of satisfying a linear temporal logic (LTL) specification of a task, and the discounted reward capturing the (classic) control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Yu Wang , Miroslav Pajic

We study the problem of learning controllers for discrete-time non-linear stochastic dynamical systems with formal reach-avoid guarantees. This work presents the first method for providing formal reach-avoid guarantees, which combine and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Đorđe Žikelić , Mathias Lechner , Thomas A. Henzinger , Krishnendu Chatterjee

Reinforcement learning has shown promising results in learning neural network policies for complicated control tasks. However, the lack of formal guarantees about the behavior of such policies remains an impediment to their deployment. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Đorđe Žikelić , Mathias Lechner , Abhinav Verma , Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger

Recent learning-based safety filters have outperformed conventional methods, such as hand-crafted Control Barrier Functions (CBFs), by effectively adapting to complex constraints. However, these learning-based approaches lack formal safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Jiaxing Li , Hanjiang Hu , Yujie Yang , Changliu Liu

Increasing penetration of renewable energy introduces significant uncertainty into power systems. Traditional simulation-based verification methods may not be applicable due to the unknown-but-bounded feature of the uncertainty sets.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-25 Yichen Zhang , Yan Li , Kevin Tomsovic , Seddik Djouadi , Meng Yue

In this paper, we develop a method for learning a control policy guaranteed to satisfy an affine state constraint of high relative degree in closed loop with a black-box system. Previous reinforcement learning (RL) approaches to satisfy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-31 Jean-Baptiste Bouvier , Kartik Nagpal , Negar Mehr

Autonomous systems -- such as self-driving cars, autonomous drones, and automated trains -- must come with strong safety guarantees. Over the past decade, techniques based on formal methods have enjoyed some success in providing strong…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Nathan Fulton , Nathan Hunt , Nghia Hoang , Subhro Das

In recent years, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as an effective approach to solving real-world tasks. However, despite their successes, DRL-based policies suffer from poor reliability, which limits their deployment in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Davide Corsi , Guy Amir , Andoni Rodriguez , Cesar Sanchez , Guy Katz , Roy Fox

In this paper, we seek to learn a robot policy guaranteed to satisfy state constraints. To encourage constraint satisfaction, existing RL algorithms typically rely on Constrained Markov Decision Processes and discourage constraint…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jean-Baptiste Bouvier , Kartik Nagpal , Negar Mehr

Neural network controllers have shown potential in achieving superior performance in feedback control systems. Although a neural network can be trained efficiently using deep and reinforcement learning methods, providing formal guarantees…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-10 Han Wang , Zuxun Xiong , Liqun Zhao , Antonis Papachristodoulou

This paper presents an application of specification based runtime verification techniques to control mobile robots in a reactive manner. In our case study, we develop a layered control architecture where runtime monitors constructed from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Dogan Ulus , Calin Belta

This paper proposes a safe reinforcement learning (RL) framework based on forward-invariance-induced action-space design. The control problem is cast as a Markov decision process, but instead of relying on runtime shielding or penalty-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Chieh Tsai , Muhammad Junayed Hasan Zahed , Salim Hariri , Hossein Rastgoftar

Control certificates based on barrier functions have been a powerful tool to generate probably safe control policies for dynamical systems. However, existing methods based on barrier certificates are normally for white-box systems with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Zengyi Qin , Dawei Sun , Chuchu Fan

Reinforcement learning algorithms have shown great success in solving different problems ranging from playing video games to robotics. However, they struggle to solve delicate robotic problems, especially those involving contact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Miroslav Bogdanovic , Majid Khadiv , Ludovic Righetti