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Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in many reasoning benchmarks. However, recent studies have pointed to memorization, rather than generalization, as one of the leading causes for such performance. LLMs, in fact, are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xingwei Tan , Marco Valentino , Mahmud Akhter , Maria Liakata , Nikolaos Aletras

Automated planning is concerned with developing efficient algorithms to generate plans or sequences of actions to achieve a specific goal in a given environment. Emerging Large Language Models (LLMs) can answer questions, write high-quality…

ChatGPT said: Text-attributed graphs, where nodes and edges contain rich textual information, are widely used across diverse domains. A central challenge in this setting is question answering, which requires jointly leveraging unstructured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Lihui Liu

Language agents based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated great promise in automating web-based tasks. Recent work has shown that incorporating advanced planning algorithms, e.g., tree search, is advantageous over reactive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yu Gu , Kai Zhang , Yuting Ning , Boyuan Zheng , Boyu Gou , Tianci Xue , Cheng Chang , Sanjari Srivastava , Yanan Xie , Peng Qi , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Strategic decision-making in multi-agent settings is a key challenge for large language models (LLMs), particularly when coordination and negotiation must unfold over extended conversations. While recent work has explored the use of LLMs in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Victor Conchello Vendrell , Max Ruiz Luyten , Mihaela van der Schaar

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning abilities across mathematical, strategic, and linguistic tasks, yet little is known about how well they reason in dynamic, real-time, multi-agent scenarios, such as collaborative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Shaurya Mallampati , Rashed Shelim , Walid Saad , Naren Ramakrishnan

The design of autonomous agents that can interact effectively with other agents without prior coordination is a core problem in multi-agent systems. Type-based reasoning methods achieve this by maintaining a belief over a set of potential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Jonathon Schwartz , Hanna Kurniawati , Marcus Hutter

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), most famously used in game-play artificial intelligence (e.g., the game of Go), is a well-known strategy for constructing approximate solutions to sequential decision problems. Its primary innovation is the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-04-21 Daniel R. Jiang , Lina Al-Kanj , Warren B. Powell

While systems designed for solving planning tasks vastly outperform Large Language Models (LLMs) in this domain, they usually discard the rich semantic information embedded within task descriptions. In contrast, LLMs possess parametrised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Andrey Borro , Patricia J Riddle , Michael W Barley , Michael J Witbrock

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is one of the most capable online search algorithms for sequential planning tasks, with significant applications in areas such as resource allocation and transit planning. Despite its strong performance in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ziyan An , Hendrik Baier , Abhishek Dubey , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Meiyi Ma

Many reinforcement learning environments (e.g., Minecraft) provide only sparse rewards that indicate task completion or failure with binary values. The challenge in exploration efficiency in such environments makes it difficult for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Hao Li , Xue Yang , Zhaokai Wang , Xizhou Zhu , Jie Zhou , Yu Qiao , Xiaogang Wang , Hongsheng Li , Lewei Lu , Jifeng Dai

Automatically reproducing Android app crashes from textual bug reports is challenging, particularly when the reports are incomplete and the modern UI exhibits high combinatorial complexity. Existing approaches based solely on reinforcement…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhengyu Chen , Zhaoyi Meng , Wenxiang Zhao , Wansen Wang , Wenchao Huang , Jie Cui , Hong Zhong , Yan Xiong

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) has achieved state-of-the-art results in many domains such as Go and Atari games when combining with deep neural networks (DNNs). When more simulations are executed, MCTS can achieve higher performance but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Li-Cheng Lan , Meng-Yu Tsai , Ti-Rong Wu , I-Chen Wu , Cho-Jui Hsieh

We investigate the challenge of task planning for multi-task embodied agents in open-world environments. Two main difficulties are identified: 1) executing plans in an open-world environment (e.g., Minecraft) necessitates accurate and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Zihao Wang , Shaofei Cai , Guanzhou Chen , Anji Liu , Xiaojian Ma , Yitao Liang

The inherent probabilistic nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) introduces an element of unpredictability, raising concerns about potential discrepancies in their output. This paper introduces an innovative approach aims to generate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Md Sadman Sakib , Yu Sun

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly applied to complex, multi-step tasks that require interaction with diverse external tools across various domains. However, current LLM agent tool planning methods typically rely on greedy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Shuo Yang , Soyeon Caren Han , Yihao Ding , Shuhe Wang , Eduard Hoy

Large pretrained models are showing increasingly better performance in reasoning and planning tasks across different modalities, opening the possibility to leverage them for complex sequential decision making problems. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Martin Klissarov , Devon Hjelm , Alexander Toshev , Bogdan Mazoure

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are integrated into critical real-world applications, their strategic and logical reasoning abilities are increasingly crucial. This paper evaluates LLMs' reasoning abilities in competitive environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Jinhao Duan , Renming Zhang , James Diffenderfer , Bhavya Kailkhura , Lichao Sun , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal , Tianlong Chen , Kaidi Xu

We consider the popular tree-based search strategy within the framework of reinforcement learning, the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), in the context of finite-horizon Markov decision process. We propose a dynamic sampling tree policy that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Gongbo Zhang , Yijie Peng , Yilong Xu
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