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The CAN Bus is crucial to the efficiency, and safety of modern vehicle infrastructure. Electronic Control Units (ECUs) exchange data across a shared bus, dropping messages whenever errors occur. If an ECU generates enough errors, their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Matthew Rogers , Kasper Rasmussen

The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol, essential for automotive embedded systems, lacks inherent security features, making it vulnerable to cyber threats, especially with the rise of autonomous vehicles. Traditional security measures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Franco Oberti , Stefano Di Carlo , Alessandro Savino

For decades, the Controller Area Network (CAN) has served as the primary in-vehicle bus (IVB) and extended its use to many non-vehicular systems. Over the past years, CAN security has been intensively scrutinized, yielding extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Khaled Serag , Zhaozhou Tang , Sungwoo Kim , Vireshwar Kumar , Dave , Tian , Saman Zonouz , Raheem Beyah , Dongyan Xu , Z. Berkay Celik

Due to the rising number of sophisticated customer functionalities, electronic control units (ECUs) are increasingly integrated into modern automotive systems. However, the high connectivity between the in-vehicle and the external networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Natasha Alkhatib , Maria Mushtaq , Hadi Ghauch , Jean-Luc Danger

Nowadays with the help of advanced technology, modern vehicles are not only made up of mechanical devices but also consist of highly complex electronic devices and connections to the outside world. There are around 70 Electronic Control…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Omid Avatefipour , Hafiz Malik

As connectivity between and within vehicles increases, so does concern about safety and security. Various automotive serial protocols are used inside vehicles such as Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Emad Aliwa , Omer Rana , Charith Perera , Peter Burnap

Attacks against industrial control systems (ICSs) often exploit the insufficiency of authentication mechanisms. Verifying whether the received messages are intact and issued by legitimate sources can prevent malicious data/command injection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Utku Tefek , Ertem Esiner , Daisuke Mashima , Binbin Chen , Yih-Chun Hu

The Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a surveillance technology that mandated in many airspaces. It improves safety, increases efficiency and reduces air traffic congestion by broadcasting aircraft navigation data. Yet,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Mikaëla Ngamboé , Xiao Niu , Benoit Joly , Steven P Biegler , Paul Berthier , Rémi Benito , Greg Rice , José M Fernandez , Gabriela Nicolescu

Modern vehicles contain a few controller area networks (CANs), which allow scores of on-board electronic control units (ECUs) to communicate messages critical to vehicle functions and driver safety. CAN provide a lightweight and reliable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Krzysztof Pawelec , Robert A. Bridges , Frank L. Combs

Multiple attacks have shown that in-vehicle networks have vulnerabilities which can be exploited. Securing the Controller Area Network (CAN) for modern vehicles has become a necessary task for car manufacturers. Some attacks inject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Irina Chiscop , András Gazdag , Joost Bosman , Gergely Biczók

Modern vehicles rely on scores of electronic control units (ECUs) broadcasting messages over a few controller area networks (CANs). Bereft of security features, in-vehicle CANs are exposed to cyber manipulation and multiple researches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Zachariah Tyree , Robert A. Bridges , Frank L. Combs , Michael R. Moore

The Control Area Network (CAN) protocol is essential for in-vehicle communication, facilitating high-speed data exchange among Electronic Control Units (ECUs). However, its inherent design lacks robust security features, rendering vehicles…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Huiyao Dong , Igor Kotenko

Current research in the automotive domain has proven the limitations of the CAN protocol from a security standpoint. Application-layer attacks, which involve the creation of malicious packets, are deemed feasible from remote but can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Alvise de Faveri Tron , Stefano Longari , Michele Carminati , Mario Polino , Stefano Zanero

The network of services, including delivery, farming, and environmental monitoring, has experienced exponential expansion in the past decade with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Yet, UAVs are not robust enough against cyberattacks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Reek Majumder , Gurcan Comert , David Werth , Adrian Gale , Mashrur Chowdhury , M Sabbir Salek

The automotive market is profitable for cyberattacks with the constant shift toward interconnected vehicles. Electronic Control Units (ECUs) installed on cars often operate in a critical and hostile environment. Hence, both carmakers and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Franco Oberti , Ernesto Sanchez , Alessandro Savino , Filippo Parisi , Mirco Brero , Stefano Di Carlo

Despite being a legacy protocol with various known security issues, Controller Area Network (CAN) still represents the de-facto standard for communications within vehicles, ships, and industrial control systems. Many research works have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Denis Donadel , Kavya Balasubramanian , Alessandro Brighente , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Mauro Conti , Radha Poovendran

The integration of digital devices in modern vehicles has revolutionized automotive technology, enhancing safety and the overall driving experience. The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is a central system for managing in-vehicle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Lorenzo Guerra , Linhan Xu , Paolo Bellavista , Thomas Chapuis , Guillaume Duc , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Van-Tam Nguyen

Within vehicles, the Controller Area Network (CAN) allows efficient communication between the electronic control units (ECUs) responsible for controlling the various subsystems. The CAN protocol was not designed to include much support for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Carson Labrado , Himanshu Thapliyal , Saraju P. Mohanty

Vehicles become more vulnerable to remote attackers in modern days due to their increasing connectivity and range of functionality. Such increased attack vectors enable adversaries to access a vehicle Electronic Control Unit (ECU). As of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Marcel Kneib , Oleg Schell , Christopher Huth

Controller Area Network (CAN) is an essential networking protocol that connects multiple electronic control units (ECUs) in a vehicle. However, CAN-based in-vehicle networks (IVNs) face security risks owing to the CAN mechanisms. An…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Seonghoon Jeong , Sangho Lee , Hwejae Lee , Huy Kang Kim