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This paper characterizes how different incentive instruments shape cooperation in a repeated Prisoner`s Dilemma with a continuum of players. A simple tit-for-tat strategy competes against unconditional defection, and the long-run outcome is…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-14 Alexander Kangas

The emergence and maintenance of cooperation within sizable groups of unrelated humans offer many challenges for our understanding. We propose that the humans' capacity of communication, such as how many and how far away the fellows can…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-09-29 Zi-Gang Huang , Sheng-Jun Wang , Xin-Jian Xu , Ying-Hai Wang

The public goods game is a famous example illustrating the tragedy of the commons. In this game cooperating individuals contribute to a pool, which in turn is distributed to all members of the group, including defectors who reap the same…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-04-24 Arend Hintze , Jochen Staudacher , Katja Gelhar , Alexander Pothmann , Juliana Rasch , Daniel Wildegger

Cooperative behavior is prevalent in both human society and nature. Understanding the emergence and maintenance of cooperation among self-interested individuals remains a significant challenge in evolutionary biology and social sciences.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Lanyu Yang , Dongchun Jiang , Fuqiang Guo , Mingjian Fu

We present a general framework for evolutionary learning to emergent unbiased state representation without any supervision. Evolutionary frameworks such as self-play converge to bad local optima in case of multi-agent reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-03 Shohei Ohsawa

In this paper, we rigorously study the problem of cost optimisation of hybrid (mixed) institutional incentives, which are a plan of actions involving the use of reward and punishment by an external decision-maker, for maximising the level…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-09 M. H. Duong , C. M. Durbac , T. A. Han

A local agglomeration of cooperators can support the survival or spreading of cooperation, even when cooperation is predicted to die out according to the replicator equation, which is often used in evolutionary game theory to study the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-03-06 Dirk Helbing

We introduce a coevolutionary framework in which punishment intensity dynamically adapts to the fraction of cooperators in the population. Unlike static models, adaptive punishment reshapes the effective payoff landscape, driving…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-11 Xingfu Ke , Hao Yu , Xiao-Pu Han , Yi-Cheng Zhang , Fanyuan Meng

The self-organization in cooperative regimes in a simple mean-field version of a model based on "selfish" agents which play the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game is studied. The agents have no memory and use strategies not based on direct…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2009-11-07 H. Fort

Cooperation and defection are social traits whose evolutionary origin is still unresolved. Recent behavioral experiments with humans suggested that strategy changes are driven mainly by the individuals' expectations and not by imitation.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-13 Miguel Aguilar-Janita , Nagi Khalil , Inmaculada Leyva , Irene Sendiña-Nadal

Humans and other animals can adapt their social behavior in response to environmental cues including the feedback obtained through experience. Nevertheless, the effects of the experience-based learning of players in evolution and…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-04-05 Naoki Masuda , Mitsuhiro Nakamura

Established already in the Biblical times, the Matthew effect stands for the fact that in societies rich tend to get richer and the potent even more powerful. Here we investigate a game theoretical model describing the evolution of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-12-14 Matjaz Perc

Iterated games are a fundamental component of economic and evolutionary game theory. They describe situations where two players interact repeatedly and have the possibility to use conditional strategies that depend on the outcome of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-12 Christian Hilbe , Martin A. Nowak , Karl Sigmund

The public goods game describes a social dilemma in which a large proportion of agents act as conditional cooperators (CC): they only act cooperatively if they see others acting cooperatively because they satisfice with the social norm to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shatayu Kulkarni , Sabine Brunswicker

Recently, an evolutionary game dynamics model taking into account the environmental feedback has been proposed to describe the co-evolution of strategic actions of a population of individuals and the state of the surrounding environment;…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-24 Lulu Gong , Weijia Yao , Jian Gao , Ming Cao

The evolution of cooperation is a central enigma in evolutionary game theory. Traditionally, the combination of pairwise networks and repeated Public Goods Games with a single state fails to adequately describe realistic group interaction…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-25 Nankun Wei , Xiaojin Xiong , Qin Li , Minyu Feng , Attila Szolnoki

The fact that individuals will most likely behave differently in different situations begets the introduction of conditional strategies. Inspired by this, we study the evolution of cooperation in the spatial public goods game, where besides…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-02-08 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Destructive agents, who opt out of the game and indiscriminately harm others, paradoxically foster cooperation, representing an intriguing variant of the voluntary participation strategy. Yet, their impact on cooperation remains…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-13 Khadija Khatun , Chen Shen , Lei Shi , Jun Tanimoto

The diversity in wealth and social status is present not only among humans, but throughout the animal world. We account for this observation by generating random variables that determ ine the social diversity of players engaging in the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-03-29 Matjaz Perc , Attila Szolnoki

How evolution favors cooperation is a fundamental issue in social and economic systems. In the business world, actively selecting a suitable project is usually helpful for a businessman to be in an advantageous position. By incorporating…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-02-19 Li-Xin Zhong , Wen-Juan Xu , Rong-Da Chen , Yun-Xin He , Tian Qiu , Fei Ren , Yong-Dong Shi , Chen-Yang Zhong