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The wide-ranging applications of large language models (LLMs), especially in safety-critical domains, necessitate the proper evaluation of the LLM's adversarial robustness. This paper proposes an efficient tool to audit the LLM's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Xilie Xu , Keyi Kong , Ning Liu , Lizhen Cui , Di Wang , Jingfeng Zhang , Mohan Kankanhalli

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into the scientific peer-review process, raising new questions about their reliability and resilience to manipulation. In this work, we investigate the potential for hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Matteo Gioele Collu , Umberto Salviati , Roberto Confalonieri , Mauro Conti , Giovanni Apruzzese

This study investigates the application of Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4, within Astronomy. We employ in-context prompting, supplying the model with up to 1000 papers from the NASA Astrophysics Data System, to explore the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-21 Ioana Ciucă , Yuan-Sen Ting , Sandor Kruk , Kartheik Iyer

Recent advancements in natural language processing by large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, have been suggested to approach Artificial General Intelligence. And yet, it is still under dispute whether LLMs possess similar reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Eugenio Herrera-Berg , Tomás Vergara Browne , Pablo León-Villagrá , Marc-Lluís Vives , Cristian Buc Calderon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances in natural language processing, but their underlying mechanisms are often misunderstood. Despite exhibiting coherent answers and apparent reasoning behaviors, LLMs rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Bo Zhou , Daniel Geißler , Paul Lukowicz

Automated disinformation generation is often listed as an important risk associated with large language models (LLMs). The theoretical ability to flood the information space with disinformation content might have dramatic consequences for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Ivan Vykopal , Matúš Pikuliak , Ivan Srba , Robert Moro , Dominik Macko , Maria Bielikova

The proliferation of misinformation on social media has raised significant societal concerns, necessitating robust detection mechanisms. Large Language Models such as GPT-4 and LLaMA2 have been envisioned as possible tools for detecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tianyi Huang , Jingyuan Yi , Peiyang Yu , Xiaochuan Xu

In recent years, counterspeech has emerged as one of the most promising strategies to fight online hate. These non-escalatory responses tackle online abuse while preserving the freedom of speech of the users, and can have a tangible impact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Helena Bonaldi , Yi-Ling Chung , Gavin Abercrombie , Marco Guerini

The rapid integration of Generative AI (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) in sectors such as education and healthcare have marked a significant advancement in technology. However, this growth has also led to a largely unexplored…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Tri Nguyen , Huong Nguyen , Ahmad Ijaz , Saeid Sheikhi , Athanasios V. Vasilakos , Panos Kostakos

Large-scale language models (LLMs) have emerged as a groundbreaking innovation in the realm of question-answering and conversational agents. These models, leveraging different deep learning architectures such as Transformers, are trained on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Fardin Ahsan Sakib , Saadat Hasan Khan , A. H. M. Rezaul Karim

Recently, large language models such as GPT-2 have shown themselves to be extremely adept at text generation and have also been able to achieve high-quality results in many downstream NLP tasks such as text classification, sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Sam Witteveen , Martin Andrews

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly employed in data science for tasks like data preprocessing and analytics. However, data scientists encounter substantial obstacles when conversing with LLM-powered chatbots and acting on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Bhavya Chopra , Ananya Singha , Anna Fariha , Sumit Gulwani , Chris Parnin , Ashish Tiwari , Austin Z. Henley

The emergence of tools based on Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI's ChatGPT, Microsoft's Bing Chat, and Google's Bard, has garnered immense public attention. These incredibly useful, natural-sounding tools mark significant…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced capabilities in natural language processing and artificial intelligence. These models, including GPT-3.5 and LLaMA-2, have revolutionized text generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yunhong He , Jianling Qiu , Wei Zhang , Zhengqing Yuan

As cyber threats continue to grow in complexity, traditional security mechanisms struggle to keep up. Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential in cybersecurity due to their advanced capabilities in text processing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Tiago Dinis , Miguel Correia , Roger Tavares

Large language models (LLMs) are used by over a billion people globally, most often to assist with writing. In this work, we demonstrate that LLMs not only alter the voice and tone of human writing, but also consistently alter the intended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Marwa Abdulhai , Isadora White , Yanming Wan , Ibrahim Qureshi , Joel Leibo , Max Kleiman-Weiner , Natasha Jaques

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) are unparalleled in their ability to generate grammatically correct, fluent text. LLMs are appearing rapidly, and debates on LLM capacities have taken off, but reflection is lagging behind. Thus, in this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Bram M. A. van Dijk , Tom Kouwenhoven , Marco R. Spruit , Max J. van Duijn

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's GPT-4 and Meta's LLaMA offer a promising approach for scalable personality assessment from open-ended language. However, inferring personality traits remains challenging, and earlier work often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Jianfeng Zhu , Ruoming Jin , Karin G. Coifman

In this study, we delve into the realm of counterfactual reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Our primary objective is to cultivate the counterfactual thought processes within LLMs and rigorously assess these processes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Yinya Huang , Ruixin Hong , Hongming Zhang , Wei Shao , Zhicheng Yang , Dong Yu , Changshui Zhang , Xiaodan Liang , Linqi Song

Detecting online sexual predatory behaviours and abusive language on social media platforms has become a critical area of research due to the growing concerns about online safety, especially for vulnerable populations such as children and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Janis Dalins