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Related papers: Algorithmic Pricing and Algorithmic Collusion

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We study the propensity of independent algorithms to collude in repeated Cournot duopoly games. Specifically, we investigate the predictive power of different oligopoly and bargaining solutions regarding the effect of asymmetry between…

General Economics · Economics 2025-01-14 Simon Martin , Hans-Theo Normann , Paul Püplichhuisen , Tobias Werner

We analyze the delegation of pricing by participants, representing firms, to a collusive, self-learning algorithm in a repeated Bertrand experiment. In the baseline treatment, participants set prices themselves. In the other treatments,…

General Economics · Economics 2025-11-03 Hans-Theo Normann , Nina Rulié , Olaf Stypa , Tobias Werner

There is growing experimental evidence that $Q$-learning agents may learn to charge supracompetitive prices. We provide the first theoretical explanation for this behavior in infinite repeated games. Firms update their pricing policies…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-30 Cristian Chica , Yinglong Guo , Gilad Lerman

Algorithmic collusion has emerged as a central question in AI: Will the interaction between different AI agents deployed in markets lead to collusion? More generally, understanding how emergent behavior, be it a cartel or market dominance…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ziyi Wang , Carmine Ventre , Maria Polukarov

Combinatorial Auctions are a central problem in Algorithmic Mechanism Design: pricing and allocating goods to buyers with complex preferences in order to maximize some desired objective (e.g., social welfare, revenue, or profit). The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Avrim Blum , Anupam Gupta , Yishay Mansour , Ankit Sharma

This paper introduces the Minimum Price Markov Game (MPMG), a theoretical model that reasonably approximates real-world first-price markets following the minimum price rule, such as public auctions. The goal is to provide researchers and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Igor Sadoune , Marcelin Joanis , Andrea Lodi

In markets where algorithmic data processing is increasingly prevalent, recommendation algorithms can substantially affect trade and welfare. We consider a setting in which an algorithm recommends a product based on its value to the buyer…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-06-17 Shota Ichihashi , Alex Smolin

How does competition in markets for information affect the creation and division of surplus? We study this question in a search environment in which an agent searches sequentially for a high-quality good and learns about the quality of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-26 Teddy Mekonnen , Bobak Pakzad-Hurson

We study how delegating pricing to large language models (LLMs) can facilitate collusion in a duopoly when both sellers rely on the same pre-trained model. The LLM is characterized by (i) a propensity parameter capturing its internal bias…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-24 Shengyu Cao , Ming Hu

In online ad markets, a rising number of advertisers are employing bidding agencies to participate in ad auctions. These agencies are specialized in designing online algorithms and bidding on behalf of their clients. Typically, an agency…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Yurong Chen , Qian Wang , Zhijian Duan , Haoran Sun , Zhaohua Chen , Xiang Yan , Xiaotie Deng

Over the past decade, crowdsourcing has emerged as a cheap and efficient method of obtaining solutions to simple tasks that are difficult for computers to solve but possible for humans. The popularity and promise of crowdsourcing markets…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-11-27 Aleksandrs Slivkins , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan

Autonomous and learning agents increasingly participate in markets - setting prices, placing bids, ordering inventory. Such agents are not just aiming to optimize in an uncertain environment; they are making decisions in a game-theoretical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Martin Bichler , Julius Durmann , Matthias Oberlechner

We study the problem of collaborative machine learning markets where multiple parties can achieve improved performance on their machine learning tasks by combining their training data. We discuss desired properties for these machine…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Olga Ohrimenko , Shruti Tople , Sebastian Tschiatschek

We study an online learning problem on dynamic pricing and resource allocation, where we make joint pricing and inventory decisions to maximize the overall net profit. We consider the stochastic dependence of demands on the price, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jianyu Xu , Xuan Wang , Yu-Xiang Wang , Jiashuo Jiang

We study the problem of online learning in competitive settings in the context of two-sided matching markets. In particular, one side of the market, the agents, must learn about their preferences over the other side, the firms, through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Chinmay Maheshwari , Eric Mazumdar , Shankar Sastry

Motivated by recent progress on pricing in the AI literature, we study marketplaces that contain multiple vendors offering identical or similar products and unit-demand buyers with different valuations on these vendors. The objective of…

LLM agents in markets present algorithmic collusion risks. While prior work shows LLM agents reach supracompetitive prices through tacit coordination, existing research focuses on hand-crafted prompts. The emerging paradigm of prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yingtao Tian

We introduce pricing formulas for competition and collusion models of two-sided markets with an outside option. For the competition model, we find conditions under which prices and consumer surplus may increase or decrease if the outside…

General Economics · Economics 2025-05-12 Cristian Chica , Yinglong Guo , Gilad Lerman

In display advertising, a small group of sellers and bidders face each other in up to 10 12 auctions a day. In this context, revenue maximisation via monopoly price learning is a high-value problem for sellers. By nature, these auctions are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Lorenzo Croissant , Marc Abeille , Clément Calauzènes

Autonomous pricing agents are widely deployed in online marketplaces, making algorithmic pricing a prominent application of multi-agent learning. Experimental studies often report collusive outcomes, but these findings typically rely on…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Martin Bichler , Jan-Sebastian Hoehener