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The control of spatio-temporally chaos is challenging because of high dimensionality and unpredictability. Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) discovers optimal control policies by interacting with the system, typically requiring…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Defne E. Ozan , Andrea Nóvoa , Georgios Rigas , Luca Magri

This work reports the application of a model-free deep-reinforcement-learning-based (DRL) flow control strategy to suppress perturbations evolving in the 1-D linearised Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation and 2-D boundary layer flows. The…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-01-18 Da Xu , Mengqi Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is applied to control a nonlinear, chaotic system governed by the one-dimensional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation. DRL uses reinforcement learning principles for the determination of optimal control…

A novel strategy is proposed to improve the accuracy of state estimation and reconstruction from low-fidelity models and sparse data from sensors. This strategy combines ensemble Data Assimilation (DA) and Machine Learning (ML) tools,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-01-31 Miguel M. Valero , Marcello Meldi

The intrinsic high dimension of fluid dynamics is an inherent challenge to control of aerodynamic flows, and this is further complicated by a flow's nonlinear response to strong disturbances. Deep reinforcement learning, which takes…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-28 Zhecheng Liu , Diederik Beckers , Jeff D. Eldredge

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) is believed to have much higher sample efficiency compared to model-free algorithms by learning a predictive model of the environment. However, the performance of MBRL highly relies on the quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Xin-Yang Liu , Jian-Xun Wang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers a powerful paradigm for data-driven control. Compared to model-free approaches, offline model-based RL (MBRL) explicitly learns a world model from a static dataset and uses it as a surrogate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jiayu Chen , Le Xu , Aravind Venugopal , Jeff Schneider

This article proposes a model-based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method to design emergency control strategies for short-term voltage stability problems in power systems. Recent advances show promising results in model-free DRL-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-07 Ramij R. Hossain , Tianzhixi Yin , Yan Du , Renke Huang , Jie Tan , Wenhao Yu , Yuan Liu , Qiuhua Huang

Despite the low dimensionalities of dissipative viscous fluids, reinforcement learning (RL) requires many observables in fluid control problems. This is because the observables are assumed to follow a policy-independent Markov decision…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-04-30 Akira Kubo , Masaki Shimizu

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is a data-driven method capable of discovering complex control strategies for high-dimensional systems, making it promising for flow control applications. In particular, the present work is motivated by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Kevin Zeng , Alec J. Linot , Michael D. Graham

Data assimilation (DA) plays a pivotal role in diverse applications, ranging from climate predictions and weather forecasts to trajectory planning for autonomous vehicles. A prime example is the widely used ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF),…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-01-03 Mohamad Abed El Rahman Hammoud , Naila Raboudi , Edriss S. Titi , Omar Knio , Ibrahim Hoteit

Effectively controlling systems governed by Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is crucial in several fields of Applied Sciences and Engineering. These systems usually yield significant challenges to conventional control schemes due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Florian Wolf , Nicolò Botteghi , Urban Fasel , Andrea Manzoni

Data assimilation (DA) has increasingly emerged as a critical tool for state estimation across a wide range of applications. It is significantly challenging when the governing equations of the underlying dynamics are unknown. To this end,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ziyi Wang , Lijian Jiang

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is a data-driven, model-free method capable of discovering complex control strategies for macroscopic objectives in high-dimensional systems, making its application towards flow control promising. Many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Kevin Zeng , Michael D. Graham

We propose a model-based reinforcement learning (RL) approach for noisy time-dependent gate optimization with improved sample complexity over model-free RL. Sample complexity is the number of controller interactions with the physical…

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) typically relies on modeling environment dynamics for data efficiency. However, due to the accumulation of model errors over long-horizon rollouts, such methods often face challenges in maintaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Bin Wang , Boxiang Tao , Haifeng Jing , Hongbo Dou , Zijian Wang

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has become a popular method for solving control problems in power systems. Conventional DRL encourages the agent to explore various policies encoded in a neural network (NN) with the goal of maximizing the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Tong Wu , Anna Scaglione , Daniel Arnold

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful approach for robot learning. However, model-free RL (MFRL) requires a large number of environment interactions to learn successful control policies. This is due to the noisy RL training updates and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Maria Krinner , Elie Aljalbout , Angel Romero , Davide Scaramuzza

Chaotic dynamical systems pose a fundamental challenge for Reinforcement Learning (RL): exponential sensitivity to initial conditions induces high-variance bootstrap targets and poorly conditioned gradient updates. Chaotic dynamics arise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 James Rudd-Jones , Mirco Musolesi , María Pérez-Ortiz

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a class of artificial intelligence algorithms being used to design adaptive optimal controllers through online learning. This paper presents a model-free, real-time, data-efficient Q-learning-based algorithm…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Ali Aalipour , Alireza Khani
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