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Latent variable generative models have emerged as powerful tools for generative tasks including image and video synthesis. These models are enabled by pretrained autoencoders that map high resolution data into a compressed lower dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Mohammed Suhail , Carlos Esteves , Leonid Sigal , Ameesh Makadia

Recently, learned image compression methods have outperformed traditional hand-crafted ones including BPG. One of the keys to this success is learned entropy models that estimate the probability distribution of the quantized latent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-22 Jun-Hyuk Kim , Byeongho Heo , Jong-Seok Lee

Use of generative models and deep learning for physics-based systems is currently dominated by the task of emulation. However, the remarkable flexibility offered by data-driven architectures would suggest to extend this representation to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Guoxiang Grayson Tong , Carlos A. Sing Long , Daniele E. Schiavazzi

We report a series of deep learning models to solve complex forward and inverse design problems in molecular modeling and design. Using both diffusion models inspired by nonequilibrium thermodynamics and attention-based transformer…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-06-21 Rachel K. Luu , Marcin Wysokowski , Markus J. Buehler

Transfer learning has gained significant attention in recent deep learning research due to its ability to accelerate convergence and enhance performance on new tasks. However, its success is often contingent on the similarity between source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Bedionita Soro , Bruno Andreis , Hayeon Lee , Wonyong Jeong , Song Chong , Frank Hutter , Sung Ju Hwang

Deep generative models have garnered significant attention in low-level vision tasks due to their generative capabilities. Among them, diffusion model-based solutions, characterized by a forward diffusion process and a reverse denoising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Chunming He , Yuqi Shen , Chengyu Fang , Fengyang Xiao , Longxiang Tang , Yulun Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo , Zhenhua Guo , Xiu Li

We present an interpretability framework for unsupervised reinforcement learning (URL) agents, aimed at understanding how intrinsic motivation shapes attention, behavior, and representation learning. We analyze five agents DQN, RND, ICM,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shashwat Pandey

Despite impressive performance as evaluated on i.i.d. holdout data, deep neural networks depend heavily on superficial statistics of the training data and are liable to break under distribution shift. For example, subtle changes to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Haohan Wang , Zexue He , Zachary C. Lipton , Eric P. Xing

In this paper, we propose LSRNA, a novel framework for higher-resolution (exceeding 1K) image generation using diffusion models by leveraging super-resolution directly in the latent space. Existing diffusion models struggle with scaling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Jinho Jeong , Sangmin Han , Jinwoo Kim , Seon Joo Kim

The recently proposed Large Concept Model (LCM) generates text by predicting a sequence of sentence-level embeddings and training with either mean-squared error or diffusion objectives. We present SONAR-LLM, a decoder-only transformer that…

Normalizing flow (NF) has gained popularity over traditional maximum likelihood based methods due to its strong capability to model complex data distributions. However, the standard approach, which maps the observed data to a normal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Hanze Dong , Shizhe Diao , Weizhong Zhang , Tong Zhang

Diffusion Transformers (DiT) trained with flow matching in a VAE latent space have unified visual generation across images and videos. A natural next step toward a single architecture for both generation (visual synthesis) and understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jiaxiu Jiang , Jingjing Ren , Wenbo Li , Bo Wang , Haoze Sun , Yijun Yang , Jianhui Liu , Yanbing Zhang , Shenghe Zheng , Yuan Zhang , Haoyang Huang , Nan Duan , Wangmeng Zuo

Large language models (LLMs) face inherent performance bottlenecks under parameter constraints, particularly in processing critical tokens that demand complex reasoning. Empirical analysis reveals challenging tokens induce abrupt gradient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yilong Chen , Junyuan Shang , Zhenyu Zhang , Yanxi Xie , Jiawei Sheng , Tingwen Liu , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Transformer models have established new benchmarks in natural language processing; however, their increasing depth results in substantial growth in parameter counts. While existing recurrent transformer methods address this issue by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Anthony Nguyen , Wenjun Lin

Implicit neural representations (INRs) mark a fundamental shift in signal modeling, moving from discrete sampled data to continuous functional representations. By parameterizing signals as neural networks, INRs provide a unified framework…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Dhananjaya Jayasundara , Vishal M. Patel

Modern recommender systems struggle to effectively utilize the rich, yet high-dimensional and noisy, multi-modal features generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). Treating these features as static inputs decouples them from the core…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jiahao Tian , Zhenkai Wang

Real-world data generation often involves complex inter-dependencies among instances, violating the IID-data hypothesis of standard learning paradigms and posing a challenge for uncovering the geometric structures for learning desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Qitian Wu , Chenxiao Yang , Wentao Zhao , Yixuan He , David Wipf , Junchi Yan

Deep learning has significantly advanced PET image re-construction, achieving remarkable improvements in image quality through direct training on sinogram or image data. Traditional methods often utilize masks for inpainting tasks, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Bin Huang , Binzhong He , Yanhan Chen , Zhili Liu , Xinyue Wang , Binxuan Li , Qiegen Liu

Remote sensing semantic segmentation must address both what the ground objects are within an image and where they are located. Consequently, segmentation models must ensure not only the semantic correctness of large-scale patches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Hao Wang , Keyan Hu , Xin Guo , Haifeng Li , Chao Tao

We introduce a new approach to probabilistic unsupervised learning based on the recognition-parametrised model (RPM): a normalised semi-parametric hypothesis class for joint distributions over observed and latent variables. Under the key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-21 William I. Walker , Hugo Soulat , Changmin Yu , Maneesh Sahani
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