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In social sciences and economics, causal inference traditionally focuses on assessing the impact of predefined treatments (or interventions) on predefined outcomes, such as the effect of education programs on earnings. Causal discovery, in…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-07-12 Martin Huber

To autonomously control vehicles, driving agents use outputs from a combination of machine-learning (ML) models, controller logic, and custom modules. Although numerous prior works have shown that adversarial examples can mislead ML models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Henry Wong , Clement Fung , Weiran Lin , Karen Li , Stanley Chen , Lujo Bauer

Trustworthy AI is mandatory for the broad deployment of autonomous vehicles. Although end-to-end approaches derive control commands directly from raw data, interpreting these decisions remains challenging, especially in complex urban…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Mona Mirzaie , Bodo Rosenhahn

Instrumental variable methods provide a powerful approach to estimating causal effects in the presence of unobserved confounding. But a key challenge when applying them is the reliance on untestable "exclusion" assumptions that rule out any…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-23 Jason Hartford , Victor Veitch , Dhanya Sridhar , Kevin Leyton-Brown

Mathematical models are fundamental building blocks in the design of dynamical control systems. As control systems are becoming increasingly complex and networked, approaches for obtaining such models based on first principles reach their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Dominik Baumann , Friedrich Solowjow , Karl H. Johansson , Sebastian Trimpe

The goal of Causal Discovery is to find automated search methods for learning causal structures from observational data. In some cases all variables of the interested causal mechanism are measured, and the task is to predict the effects one…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-11 Shuyan Wang

This work develops a flexible inferential framework for nonparametric causal inference in time-to-event settings, based on stochastic interventions defined through multiplicative scaling of the intensity governing an intermediate event…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-04 Helene Charlotte Wiese Rytgaard , Mark van der Laan

In this work, we consider causal inference in various high-dimensional treatment settings, including for single multi-valued treatments and vector treatments with binary or continuous components, when the number of treatments can be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Patrick Kramer , Edward H. Kennedy , Isaac M. Opper

Instrumental variable regression is a foundational tool for causal analysis across the social and biomedical sciences. Recent advances use kernel methods to estimate nonparametric causal relationships, with general data types, while…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Marvin Lob , Rahul Singh , Suhas Vijaykumar

Much of our experiments are designed to uncover the cause(s) and effect(s) behind a data generating mechanism (i.e., phenomenon) we happen to be interested in. Uncovering such relationships allows us to identify the true working of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 M. Z. Naser

Software engineering increasingly involves making high-stakes decisions under uncertainty, using signals from code, field data, and socio-technical processes. Recent AI-driven support (e.g., anomaly detection, predictive analytics, AIOps,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Roberto Pietrantuono , Luca Giamattei , Stefano Russo , Julien Siebert , Neil Walkinshaw

Machine Learning applications are acknowledged at the foundation of autonomous driving, because they are the enabling technology for most driving tasks. However, the inclusion of trained agents in automotive systems exposes the vehicle to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Niccolò Piazzesi , Massimo Hong , Andrea Ceccarelli

Autonomous racing has emerged as a crucial testbed for autonomous driving algorithms, necessitating a simulation environment for both vehicle dynamics and sensor behavior. Striking the right balance between vehicle dynamics and sensor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Maurice Brunner , Edoardo Ghignone , Nicolas Baumann , Michele Magno

Causal disentanglement aims to uncover a representation of data using latent variables that are interrelated through a causal model. Such a representation is identifiable if the latent model that explains the data is unique. In this paper,…

The inaccessibility of controlled randomized trials due to inherent constraints in many fields of science has been a fundamental issue in causal inference. In this paper, we focus on distinguishing the cause from effect in the bivariate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-23 Jean-Francois Ton , Dino Sejdinovic , Kenji Fukumizu

We present R software packages RobustIV and controlfunctionIV for causal inference with possibly invalid instrumental variables. RobustIV focuses on the linear outcome model. It implements the two-stage hard thresholding method to select…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-21 Taehyeon Koo , Youjin Lee , Dylan S. Small , Zijian Guo

Simulations are gaining increasingly significance in the field of autonomous driving due to the demand for rapid prototyping and extensive testing. Employing physics-based simulation brings several benefits at an affordable cost, while…

Detecting and understanding reasons for defects and inadvertent behavior in software is challenging due to their increasing complexity. In configurable software systems, the combinatorics that arises from the multitude of features a user…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Clemens Dubslaff , Kallistos Weis , Christel Baier , Sven Apel

In this paper, we focus on the problem of stable prediction across unknown test data, where the test distribution is agnostic and might be totally different from the training one. In such a case, previous machine learning methods might…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Kun Kuang , Bo Li , Peng Cui , Yue Liu , Jianrong Tao , Yueting Zhuang , Fei Wu

We study the problem of estimating causal effects under hidden confounding in the following unpaired data setting: we observe some covariates $X$ and an outcome $Y$ under different experimental conditions (environments) but do not observe…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-22 Felix Schur , Niklas Pfister , Peng Ding , Sach Mukherjee , Jonas Peters