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In the last few years, quantum computing and machine learning fostered rapid developments in their respective areas of application, introducing new perspectives on how information processing systems can be realized and programmed. The…

Quantum machine learning (QML) seeks to exploit the intrinsic properties of quantum mechanical systems, including superposition, coherence, and quantum entanglement for classical data processing. However, due to the exponential growth of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Timothy Heightman , Edward Jiang , Ruth Mora-Soto , Maciej Lewenstein , Marcin Płodzień

The formalism of classical and quantum mechanics on phase space leads to symplectic and Heisenberg group representations, respectively. The Wigner functions give a representation of the quantum system using classical variables. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ajay Patwardhan

Despite their promise to facilitate new scientific discoveries, the opaqueness of neural networks presents a challenge in interpreting the logic behind their findings. Here, we use a eXplainable-AI (XAI) technique called $inception$ or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-19 Tareq Jaouni , Sören Arlt , Carlos Ruiz-Gonzalez , Ebrahim Karimi , Xuemei Gu , Mario Krenn

The Wigner function of quantum systems is an effective instrument to construct the approximate classical description of the systems for which the classical approximation is possible. During the last time, the Wigner function formalism is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Constantin V. Usenko

Neural activity forecasting is central to understanding neural systems and enabling closed-loop control. While deep learning has recently advanced the state-of-the-art in the time series forecasting literature, its application to neural…

Recently, quantum neural networks or quantum-classical neural networks (qcNN) have been actively studied, as a possible alternative to the conventional classical neural network (cNN), but their practical and theoretically-guaranteed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Kouhei Nakaji , Hiroyuki Tezuka , Naoki Yamamoto

Characterization of quantum objects, being them states, processes, or measurements, complemented by previous knowledge about them is a valuable approach, especially as it leads to routine procedures for real-life components. To this end,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Massimiliano Guarneri , Ilaria Gianani , Marco Barbieri , Andrea Chiuri

Quantum neural networks constitute a key class of near-term quantum learning models, yet their training dynamics remain not fully understood. Here, we present a unified theoretical framework for the frequency principle (F-principle) that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Rundi Lu , Ruiqi Zhang , Weikang Li , Zhaohui Wei , Dong-Ling Deng , Zhengwei Liu

A general semiclassical method in phase space based on the final value representation of the Wigner function is considered that bypasses caustics and the need to root-search for classical trajectories. We demonstrate its potential by…

Quantum machine learning with parametrised quantum circuits has attracted significant attention over the past years as an early application for the era of noisy quantum processors. However, the possibility of achieving concrete advantages…

We show how to represent the state and the evolution of a quantum computer (or any system with an $N$--dimensional Hilbert space) in phase space. For this purpose we use a discrete version of the Wigner function which, for arbitrary $N$, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Pablo Bianucci , Cesar Miquel , Juan Pablo Paz , Marcos Saraceno

To unequivocally distinguish genuine quantumness from classicality, a widely adopted approach focuses on the negative values of a quasi-distribution representation as compelling evidence of nonclassicality. Prominent examples include the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-18 Hong-Bin Chen , Cheng-Hua Liu , Kuan-Lun Lai , Bor-Yann Tseng , Ping-Yuan Lo , Yueh-Nan Chen , Chi-Hua Yu

We study the efficiency of quantum algorithms which aim at obtaining phase space distribution functions of quantum systems. Wigner and Husimi functions are considered. Different quantum algorithms are envisioned to build these functions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Terraneo , B. Georgeot , D. L. Shepelyansky

As quantum machine-learning architectures mature, a central challenge is no longer their construction, but identifying the regimes in which they offer practical advantages over classical approaches. In this work, we introduce a framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Brandon B. Le , D. Keller

A quantum state can be written in phase space, but the resulting object is not generally the probability density of a positive stochastic process on ordinary phase space. We spell this out for Wigner dynamics. If a positive phase-space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Surachate Limkumnerd , Panat Phanthaphanitkul

Using the remarkable mathematical construct of Eugene Wigner to visualize quantum trajectories in phase space, quantum processes can be described in terms of a quasi-probability distribution analogous to the phase space probability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-29 Frank Kirtschig , Jorrit Rijnbeek , Jeroen van den Brink , Carmine Ortix

Flow models are a cornerstone of modern machine learning. They are generative models that progressively transform probability distributions according to learned dynamics. Specifically, they learn a continuous-time Markov process that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 David Layden , Ryan Sweke , Vojtěch Havlíček , Anirban Chowdhury , Kirill Neklyudov

We propose to study the $L^2$-norm distance between classical and quantum phase space distributions, where for the latter we choose the Wigner function, as a global phase space indicator of quantum-classical correspondence. For example,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Martin Horvat , Tomaz Prosen , Mirko Degli Esposti

A quantum phase space with Wannier basis is constructed: (i) classical phase space is divided into Planck cells; (ii) a complete set of Wannier functions are constructed with the combination of Kohn's method and L\"owdin method such that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-02 Yuan Fang , Fan Wu , Biao Wu